Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them., Charlie Firestone, executive director at the Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program, commented, In the future, tagging, labeling, peer recommendations, new literacies (media, digital) and similar methods will enable people to sift through information better to find and rely on factual information. Question 8 1 out of 1 points which of the following - Course Hero Open Net Initiative (2014)"Internet censorship and surveillance are growing global phenomena. Theme 1: The information environment will not improve: The problem is human nature Theme 2: The information environment will not improve because technology will create new challenges that can't or won't be countered effectively and at scale Theme 3: The information environment will improve because technology will help label, filter or ban misinformation and thus upgrade the public's . Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. We cant machine-learn our way out of this disaster, which is actually a perfect storm of poor civics knowledge and poor information literacy. When there is value in misinformation, it will rule., Big political players have just learned how to play this game. The majority of participants in this canvassing wrote detailed elaborations on their views. The information environment will NOT improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will NOT BE improved by changes designed to reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. The biggest risk, as with many things, is that narrow self-interest stops people from effectively collaborating.. Were simultaneously skeptics and true believers. Sonia Livingstone, professor of social psychology at the London School of Economics and Political Science, replied, The wild west state of the internet will not be permitted to continue by those with power, as we are already seeing with increased national pressure on providers/companies by a range of means from law and regulation to moral and consumer pressures., Willie Currie, a longtime expert in global communications diffusion, wrote, The apparent success of fake news on platforms like Facebook will have to be dealt with on a regulatory basis as it is clear that technically minded people will only look for technical fixes and may have incentives not to look very hard, so self-regulation is unlikely to succeed. D) Targets are detected faster only if they are in cued locations. Analyzing performance degradations in the ABAP environment in the Cloud The environment will only improve if both sides of the communication channel are responsible. A professor at a major U.S. university replied, Surveillance technologies and financial incentives will generate greater surveillance. A retired university professor predicted, Increased censorship and mass surveillance will tend to create official truths in various parts of the world. Recorded: September 15, 2016, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. The problem is human nature, The Role of Alternative Social Media in the News and Information Environment, AI and Human Enhancement: Americans Openness Is Tempered by a Range of Concerns. An anonymous business leader argued, It is too easy to create fake facts, too labor-intensive to check and too easy to fool checking algorithms. And this response of an anonymous research scientist based in North America echoed the view of many participants in this canvassing: We will develop technologies to help identify false and distorted information, BUT they wont be good enough., In the arms race between those who want to falsify information and those who want to produce accurate information, the former will always have an advantage. Use the key terms from Chapter 2 to complete the following sentence: High-quality journalism has been decimated due to changes in the attention economy. Which of the following model of attention best describes this scenario? marketing that product. $45.84$34.38\$45.84 - \$34.38 So the responsibility is with the person who is seeking the news and trying to get information on what is going on. IMPORTANT: When " is any of " condition is . Respondents were then asked to choose one of the following answer options: The information environment will improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will be IMPROVED by changes that reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. and subscription providers will have a vested interest in culling down false narratives; 2) Algorithms that filter news will learn to discern the quality of a news item and not just tailor to virality or political leaning., In order to reduce the spread of fake news, we must deincentivize it financially. Content filters are unreliable because computer code and algorithms are still unable to adequately interpret, assess, and categorize the complexities of human communication, whether expressed in text or in image. O Both Sorting and Filtering will allow selective viewing of data. It is impossible to make the information environment a rational, disinterested space; it will always be susceptible to pressure., A respondent affiliated with Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society wrote, The democratization of publication and consumption that the networked sphere represents is too expansive for there to be any meaningful improvement possible in terms of controlling or labeling information. Which of the following organizational processes does communication fulfill? In the digital realm, attention is currency. You call her name and ask for instructions on the next step but she seems not to hear you. afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. The reason is simply that advertising revenue has been untethered from news production., With precarious funding and shrinking audiences, healthy journalism that serves the common good is losing its voice. She wrote: Its encouraging to see some of the big platforms beginning to deploy internet solutions to some of the issues around online extremism, violence and fake news. Anonymous project leader for a science institute. The digital environment offers opportunities for accessing, creating, and sharing information. Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? Capabilities and Limits of Automated Multimedia Content Analysis, Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material, The Inconsistent Work of Web Filters: Mapping Information Access in Alabama Public Schools and Libraries, Internet Filtering Technology and Aversive Online Experiences in Adolescents, Access Denied: How Internet Filtering in Schools Harms Public Education, United States v. American Library Association, Legal Briefs filed in United States v. American Library Association, FCC Report and Order 11-125, August 21, 2011, CIPA: A Brief FAQ on Public Library Compliance, Why Recent Court Decisions Dont Change the Rules on Filtering, State Laws Relating to Filtering, Blocking, and Usage Policies in Schools and Libraries. ", NetSmartz for ParentsandNetSmartz for KidsNational Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 2001-2015. Communication is only important if you are an upper-level manager. On June 26, 1997, the United States Supreme Court in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997), issued a sweeping reaffirmation of core First Amendment principles and held that communications over the Internet deserve the highest level of Constitutional protection. Even if there are more positive aspects than negative in a situation or person,. The process should encourage and allow users to ask for filtered websites and content to be unblocked, with minimal delay and due respect for user privacy. Those who pursue more-accurate information and rely on better-informed sources will separate from those who are not selective enough or who do not invest either the time or the money in doing so. Following this wide-ranging set of comments is a much more expansive set of quotations directly tied to the five primary themes identified in this report. which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? Yes, sometimes innovation leads to abuses, but further innovation tends to solve those problems., Consumers have risen up in the past to block the bullshit, fake ads, fake investment scams, etc., and they will again with regard to fake news., As we understand more about digital misinformation we will design better tools, policies and opportunities for collective action., Now that it is on the agenda, smart researchers and technologists will develop solutions., The increased awareness of the issue will lead to/force new solutions and regulation that will improve the situation in the long-term even if there are bound to be missteps such as flawed regulation and solutions along the way.. They cited several reasons: They said these factors and others make it difficult for many people in the digital age to create and come to share the type of common knowledge that undergirds better and more-responsive public policy. How much power are we turning over to them to govern our social discourse? 3) A few trusted sources will continue to dominate the internet., Irene Wu, adjunct professor of communications, culture and technology at Georgetown University, said, Information will improve because people will learn better how to deal with masses of digital information. I will help you in this solution. When the television became popular, people also believed everything on TV was true. This would require a system of delayed advertising revenue distribution where ad funds are held until the article is proven as accurate or not. Medium conflict leads to high performance. Anonymous respondent. It must also elevate information literacy to be a primary goal of education, Theme 1: The information environment will not improve. Last change saved 4 minutes ago. ONIs mission is to identify and document Internet filtering and surveillance, and to promote and inform wider public dialogues about such practices". B) Contextual features associated with particular stimuli or experiences help us predict outcomes when we encounter such cues in the future. High conflict. Answer: C We also need to move away from clickbaity-like articles, and not algorithmically rely on popularity but on information., An engineer based in North America replied, The future will attach credibility to the source of any information. Appendix A Answers to Assessment Questions | Part Two - The "The negative effects of content filters on Internet access in public libraries and schools are demonstrable and documented. I believe the outrage resulting from recent events will, on balance, lead to a net improvement, but viewed with hindsight, the improvement may be viewed as inadequate. C) Single filter model But it seems the default choice when reading replies to a post is "Top Comments" which is filtered to keep your sensitive eyes from reading anything deemed false or distasteful. They will keep unfriending those who dont, and passing on rumors and fake news that agrees with their point of view. Digital resources and services allow libraries to significantly expand the scope of information available to users. On the one hand, its good that the big players are finally stepping up and taking responsibility. Managers tend to spend about 30% of every day communicating. A large number of respondents said the interests of the most highly motivated actors, including those in the worlds of business and politics, are generally not motivated to fix the proliferation of misinformation. Trust in America: Do Americans trust the news media? B) Spatial Cueing paradigm Which of the following scenarios would be most likely to occur if participants are tested with the dichotic listening task? Miscommunication is annoying, but not dangerous. to send it. One cannot apply a filter for more than one column in a cell range. The Weekly World News had a circulation of over a million for its mostly fictional news stories that are printed and sold in a format closely resembling a newspaper. Their coping mechanism is to turn to entertainment or other lighter fare. Step 1: Get rid of unwanted observations The first stage in any data cleaning process is to remove the observations (or data points) you don't want. Anonymous professor, An institute director and university professor said, The internet is the 21st centurys threat of a nuclear winter, and theres no equivalent international framework for nonproliferation or disarmament. Jack is attempting to go over last, years sales figures with Jill, but she is not able to forget what Jack said earlier. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a long-standing treatment choice for disorders such as depression when pharmacological treatments have failed. Jamais Cascio, distinguished fellow at the Institute for the Future, noted, The power and diversity of very low-cost technologies allowing unsophisticated users to create believable alternative facts is increasing rapidly. Mike Roberts, pioneer leader at ICANN and Internet Hall of Fame member, replied, There are complex forces working both to improve the quality of information on the net, and to corrupt it. Some think the threat of regulatory reform via government agencies may force the issue of required identities and the abolition of anonymity protections for platform users. A number of respondents challenged the idea that any individuals, groups or technology systems could or should rate information as credible, factual, true or not. A new system emerged and I believe we have the motivation and capability to do it again. Which of the following highlights the relevance of contextual cuing? ", Electronic Frontier Foundation Information provided by the ALA Advocacy and Public Policy Office. Attention Flashcards | Quizlet Research demonstrates that filters consistently both over- and underblock the content they claim to filter. OAKLAND, Calif. California voters are poised to reject an affirmative action measure despite a summer of racial justice activism and overwhelming support for Black Lives Matter in one of the . A) Reaction time People who were more susceptible to . A) Target detection is faster in the cued location through the use of automatic processing. Several longer additional sets of responses tied to these themes follow that summary. Philip B. Stark There was common agreement among many respondents whether they said they expect to see improvements in the information environment in the next decade or not that the problem of misinformation requires significant attention. B) In the dichotic listening task, information in the unattended channel always has no effect on participants, whether in terms of implicit or explicit memory. Which of the following statements is true of attention and selection? She wrote, Right now, there is an incentive to spread fake news. For instance, after fake news stories in June 2017 reported Ethereums founder Vitalik Buterin had died in a car crash its market value was reported to have dropped by $4 billion. In this filtering, two types of data are used. exam 2 possibly. We were in this position before, when printing presses broke the existing system of information management. In fact, there is a virtuous circle where acquisition of trustable information reduces ignorance, which leads to better use of better information, etc., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Yes, trusted methods will emerge to block false narratives and allow accurate information to prevail, and, yes, the quality and veracity of information online will deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas. D) Inhibition of return increases the effort required for an individual to attend to the same stimulus several times, thereby decreasing evolutionary survival. It is a social condition, like crime, that you must constantly monitor and adjust to. B) Triesman proposed that information from the attended ear was filtered for semantic importance and the unattended ear was . When you communicate only a portion of the information available in order to. Content filtering is used by corporations as part of Internet firewall computers and also by home . Many of those who expect no improvement of the information environment said those who wish to spread misinformation are highly motivated to use innovative tricks to stay ahead of the methods meant to stop them. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new idea for a product. Group projects are always awful and end in an F." Which challenge to groupwork is he demonstrating? So the new divide will be between the people who want their information to be real vs. those who simply want it to feel important. CHECKPOINT QUESTION Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? A distinguished professor emeritus of political science at a U.S. university wrote, Misinformation will continue to thrive because of the long (and valuable) tradition of freedom of expression. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept, QUESTION 31 Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is accurate? We are too polarized. The most important action societies can take to protect people is education, information and training., An early internet developer and security consultant commented, Fake news is not a product of a flaw in the communications channel and cannot be fixed by a fix to the channel. We need more individuals who take responsibility for getting reliable sources., 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA DECENT is an early example. And an anonymous respondent from Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society said, They will be cryptographically verified, with concepts., But others were less confident that blockchain will work. Outside this, chaos will reign., Alexander Halavais, associate professor of social technologies at Arizona State University, said, As there is value in accurate information, the availability of such information will continue to grow. B) The words themselves cannot be ignored. byAndrew K. Przybylski and Victoria Nash, published inCyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, The Inconsistent Work of Web Filters: Mapping Information Access in Alabama Public Schools and Libraries (2017) Sally did not consider her. True False QUESTION 2 Irani's position on commodity businesses was, Dorian is having trouble with her team. Filters often block adults and minors from accessing a wide range of constitutionally protected speech. Since as far back as the era of radio and before, as Winston Churchill said, A lie can go around the world before the truth gets its pants on., Michael J. Oghia, an author, editor and journalist based in Europe, said he expects a worsening of the information environment due to five things: 1) The spread of misinformation and hate; 2) Inflammation, sociocultural conflict and violence; 3) The breakdown of socially accepted/agreed-upon knowledge and what constitutes fact. 4) A new digital divide of those subscribed (and ultimately controlled) by misinformation and those who are enlightened by information based on reason, logic, scientific inquiry and critical thinking. A) 50 objects including green triangles and red squares. This report concentrates on these follow-up responses. the situation: OMG, I h8 my prof. We need to replace ignorance and frustration with better life opportunities that restore confidence a tall order and a tough agenda. Online information more generally has an almost limitless diversity of sources, with varied credibility. Market makers will increasingly incorporate security quality as a factor relevant to corporate valuation. Several other respondents also cited this as a major flaw of this potential remedy. ", ConnectSafely C) Adam is their friend who got lost earlier in the night and they were looking for him. The state and trends in education and place of critical thinking in curricula across the world will be the place to look to see whether or not the information environment will improve cyberliteracy relies on basic information literacy, social literacy and technological literacy. Resolution on Opposition to Federally Mandated Internet Filtering(2001). Which of the following is true of the Stroop Effect? When I analyzed the two samples, I found similar SQL statements. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Because adults and, to a lesser degree minors, have First Amendment rights, libraries and schools that choose to use content filters should implement policies and procedures that mitigate the negative effects of filtering to the greatest extent possible. Without a framework for regulation, I cant imagine penalties.. Blockchain technology may be an option, but every technological system needs to be built on trust, and as long as there is no globally governed trust system that is open and transparent, there will be no reliable verification systems.. People on systems like Facebook are increasingly forming into echo chambers of those who think alike. Some of these experts expect that such systems will act to identify perceived misbehaviors and label, block, filter or remove some online content and even ban some posters from further posting. Connie is at a club talking with her boyfriend Cody, when her attention is suddenly directed to someone yelling out the name Adam. I agree. Which of the following is NOT a task used to quantitatively measuring attention? D) Pitch. These are the bedrock institutions much of the public has relied upon for objective, verified, reliable information information undergirded by ethical standards and a general goal of serving the common good. D) A majority of incongruent items leading to a decreased Stroop effect. ", Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights, Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights(2015). global greece study set bcs for some reason n, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, MARK2051 Week 4 Stimulus Perception Ch 8 & Ch, MCAT- Behavioral Sciences- 4.2 Problem-Solvin. Retired professor, An educator commented, Creating a reliable, trusted, unhackable verification system would produce a system for filtering and hence structuring of content. It maintains the information in a dynamic state table and evaluates subsequent connection attempts. Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. In other words, if theres a will, theres way.. Technological advancements and civil-awareness efforts will yield varied ways to continuously purge misinformation from it, to keep it reasonably reliable., An author and journalist based in North America said, I believe this era could spawn a new one a flight to quality in which time-starved citizens place high value on verified news sources., A professor of law at a major U.S. state university commented, Things wont get better until we realize that accurate news and information are a public good that require not-for-profit leadership and public subsidy., Marc Rotenberg, president of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, wrote, The problem with online news is structural: There are too few gatekeepers, and the internet business model does not sustain quality journalism. We apply that same logic to experts and sources quoted in stories. By Nancy Kranich published in Library Administration & Management, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning (2002) Yes, of course. The reader and the producer of content, both have responsibilities., Deirdre Williams, retired internet activist, replied, Human beings are losing their capability to question and to refuse. How has economic globalization positively influenced world politics? These findings do not represent all possible points of view, but they do reveal a wide range of striking observations. Inquiries can be directed via email to [email protected] or via phone at 800-545-2433, extension 4220. Filters and algorithms will improve to both verify raw data, separate overlays and to correct for a feedback loop., Semantic technologies will be able to cross-verify statements, much like meta-analysis., The credibility history of each individual will be used to filter incoming information., The veracity of information will be linked to how much the source is perceived as trustworthy we may, for instance, develop a trust index and trust will become more easily verified using artificial-intelligence-driven technologies., The work being done on things like verifiable identity and information sharing through loose federation will improve things somewhat (but not completely). Misinformation is not like a plumbing problem you fix. The respondents who supported this view noted that peoples actions from consciously malevolent and power-seeking behaviors to seemingly more benign acts undertaken for comfort or convenience will work to undermine a healthy information environment. The problem is that its *still* very hard for computer systems to analyze text, find assertions made in the text and crosscheck them. Some 1,116 responded to this nonscientific canvassing: 51% chose the option that the information environment will not improve, and 49% said the information environment will improve. The quality of information will not improve in the coming years, because technology cant improve human nature all that much. . D) 50 objects including blue triangles and red circles. ____________ is time away from work for personal reasons. Chicago, IL: American Association of School Librarians (AASL) A) Information with a low degree of saliency is ignored and doesn't go on for further processing. It would be wonderful to believe otherwise, and I hope that other commentators will be able to convince me otherwise., James Schlaffer, an assistant professor of economics, commented, Information is curated by people who have taken a step away from the objectivity that was the watchword of journalism. ", SafeKids.com: Digital Citizenship, Online Safety, and Civility. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. And the political environment is bad., Ian OByrne, assistant professor at the College of Charleston, replied, Human nature will take over as the salacious is often sexier than facts. E-rate and Universal Service New information platforms feed the ancient instinct people have to find information that syncs with their perspectives: A 2016 study that analyzed 376 million Facebook users interactions with over 900 news outlets found that people tend to seek information that aligns with their views. A) Broadbent proposed that semantically important information may still be processed even if it is heard through the unattended ear. Already we are developing technologies that make it impossible to distinguish between fake and real video, fake and real photographs, etc. Two rows in a cell range can be sorted independently. O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. B) Speed of speech Broken as it might be, the internet is still capable of routing around damage., Marina Gorbis, executive director of the Institute for the Future, predicted, Its not going to be better or worse but very different. However, when consumers are not directly paying for such accuracy, it will certainly mean a greater degree of misinformation in the public sphere. Two rows in the cell range can be filtered independently. The rise of new and highly varied voices with differing agendas and motivations might generally be considered to be a good thing. They also believe better information literacy among citizens will enable people to judge the veracity of material content and eventually raise the tone of discourse. When the president of the U.S. frequently attacks the traditional media and anybody who does not agree with his alternative facts, it is not good news for an uptick in reliable and trustworthy facts circulating in social media., Nigel Cameron, a technology and futures editor and president of the Center for Policy on Emerging Technologies, said, Human nature is not EVER going to change (though it may, of course, be manipulated). The question:In the next 10 years, will trusted methods emerge to block false narratives and allow the most accurate information to prevail in the overall information ecosystem? These are the main causes of the deterioration of a public domain of shared facts as the basis for discourse and political debate., Kenneth Sherrill, professor emeritus of political science at Hunter College, City University of New York, predicted, Disseminating false rumors and reports will become easier. The truth of news stories is far murkier and multi-faceted. Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry (2016) By Theresa Chmara published in American Libraries, State Laws Relating to Filtering, Blocking, and Usage Policies in Schools and Libraries (2016) Conflict sells, especially to the opposition party, therefore the opposition news agency will be incentivized to push a narrative and agenda. Like all resources and services provided by the library, provision of access to digital resources and services should follow the principles outlined in the Library Bill of Rights to ensure equitable access regardless of content or platform.
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