The engagement of a student is the passion, concentration, and hope that they reveal during their study (Posner and Posner Citation2009). Therefore, we hypothesised that; H3a: Cyberbullying moderates the relationship between student use of social media and their intrinsic motivation., H3b: The is a moderating role of cyberbullying on the association between students use of social media and academic engagement through intrinsic motivation, H3b: The is a moderating role of cyberbullying on the association between students use of social media and student creativity through intrinsic motivation. keep up with news/gossip/ trends Topicality and impact in social media: Diverse messages, focused messengers. doi: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.085. doi: 10.1111/ajpy.12034. The engagement of the students is referred to the amount of physical and psychological energy that the student devotes to the academic work (Koranteng, Wiafe, and Kuada Citation2018, 11). d) Research Questions Citation2016; Sutherland and Jalali Citation2017). According to the recent study in 2020, there are 3.5 billion active social media users worldwide which are about 45 percent of the total population. As such, we found that cyberbullying weakens the association among social media usage and of learner's engagement and creativity through intrinsic motivation. Barry et al. Students intrinsic motivation represents their interest, liking, and enjoyment in academia, which compels them to be more engaged and creative in their academic activity. (2017). The data required for this research were collected through a survey conducted in the Anhui Province of P.R. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.010, Vernon, L., Modecki, K. L., and Barber, B. L. (2017). Young adult females perceptions of high-risk social media behaviors: A focus-group approach. This review can be insightful for teachers who tend to take the potential psychological effects of social media for granted. Citation2019; Hinduja and Patchin Citation2017). Individ. Teachers, education policymakers, curriculum developers, and all those in charge of the student affairs at schools and universities should be made aware of the psychological effects of the pervasive use of social media on students, and the potential threats. Lawmakers introduce bill to ban minors from social media. That is the question I have been asked and expect to continue to be asked more than any other after the seismic news that Fox News had fired its highest-rated host, Tucker Carlson. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted in a medical school over a period of 3 months (Nov 2018-Jan 2019), where 400 medical undergraduates who use social media participated in the study. Cyberpsychol. Similarly, Ley et al. Rahman, S.; Ramakrishnan, T.; Ngamassi, L. Impact of social media use on student satisfaction in Higher Education. The teachers role as well as the curriculum developers role are becoming more important than ever, as they can significantly help to moderate the adverse effects of the pervasive social media use on students mental and emotional health. (2018). The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. A Theory of social comparison processes. Rev. Health 55, 141147. (2011). Creativity refers to the interaction among aptitude, process, and the environment by which an individual or group produces a perceptible product that is both novel and useful as defined within a social context (Plucker, Beghetto, and Dow Citation2004, 90). We're currently hiring for post of social media marketer. More specifically, students affective variables might self-organize into different states under the influence of social media. Rev. It should be reminded that the alleged socially supportive and communicative promises of the prevalent use of social networking in student life might not be fully realized in practice. Coll. Based on this theory, social media can play the role of a mediational means between learners and the real environment. Interaction between social media usage, intrinsic motivation, and cybe bullying. Stud. Many studies such as [2, 3, 4] have questioned the impact of social media usage on the academic performance of students in other countries such as USA, Nigeria and Pakistan.In fact, in Saudi Arabia, it exists some researches that examine the impact of social media usage on students' academic performance like [5, 6] but the particularity They may want to know more about the actual effects of the over-reliance on and the excessive (and actually obsessive) use of social media on students developing certain images of self and certain emotions which are not necessarily positive. Note: N=267, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, M=mean; SD=standard deviation. For example, students self-efficacy may be one reason why students utilisation of social media is allied with positive results in academia. Researchers believe that with the rapid growth of social media usage, cyberbullying has been increased, which results in severe psychological problems among the victims (Donoghue and Meltzer Citation2018; Olenik-Shemesh and Heiman Citation2017). The authors distributed online survey links to the target population through WeChat/email. doi: 10.5430/ijhe.v9n2p239, Keles, B., McCrae, N., and Grealish, A. to ascertain the dominant reasons for using social media by distance learning students, to assess . Sci. Media and Meaning Rachel Wagner This course will invite students to think deliberately about the media we consume, create, and encounter. Though teacher psychology has only recently been considered for research, the literature has provided profound insights into teachers developing stress, motivation, self-esteem, and many other emotions. As a result, their cognitive repertoire and mental capacity might become limited and they might lose their concentration during their learning process. student communication (Ruleman Citation2012), performance (Malik et al. The relationship between maladaptive perfectionism with burnout: Testing mediating effect of emotion-focused coping. Recent investigations of using social media show that approximately 3 billion individuals worldwide are now communicating via social media (Iwamoto and Chun, 2020). However still, we believe that a longitudinal research design or an experimental laboratory study may enhance the validity of testing our model. (2015) reported a statistically significant positive correlation between addiction to Facebook and depression among about a thousand high school students in wealthy populations of Thailand and warned against this psychological threat. The indirect effect of the usage of social media by students on creativity is weak at higher level of cyberbullying, i.e. the impact of social media platforms on students' academic activities and to found out the . Therefore, positive and negative moods can easily be transferred among the population using social media networks (Chukwuere and Chukwuere, 2017). Chukwuere and Chukwuere (2017) maintained that social media platforms can be considered the most important source of changing individuals mood, because when someone is passively using a social media platform seemingly with no special purpose, s/he can finally feel that his/her mood has changed as a function of the nature of content overviewed. This study shows that in these modern times, social media enhances the students motivation, which is subsequently associated with their engagement and creativity in academia. All information that is gathered will be utilized for the purposes of this study and will be anonymous and kept confidential. To establish construct validity, factor loadings of all the items of the variables of our study were computed. How social media use is related to stude . https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1917660. For one, Aalbers et al. Educ. 9, 239247. Q. Environmental factors can hinder or facilitate students creativity. Moreover, we found cyberbullying as a boundary condition variable in our model. Rev. Keles et al. Regarding the affordances of social media for learners, they can take advantage of the potential affordances of these media such as improving their literacy, broadening their communication skills, or enhancing their distance learning opportunities. This paper highlights. There is the . (2018) showed that though social media is expected to act as a form of social support for the majority of university students, it can adversely affect students mental well-being, especially for those who already have high levels of anxiety and depression. Our research does not only establish a relationship among the use of social media and its better and positive outcomes, but it also highlights the underlying psychological mechanism in these relationships in the form of intrinsic motivation. If you answered no to Q2, then would you be interested in using Social Media as an educational tool? doi: 10.21832/HIVER5747, Iwamoto, D., and Chun, H. (2020). It specifically aimed to respond to these questions: 1. (2016). These researchers also found that this mediating effect was moderated by self-esteem. Frequent use of social networking sites is associated with poor psychological functioning among children and adolescents. There is also a need for further research on the higher education students and how their affective conditions are positively and negatively affected by the prevalent use of social media. As many conditions of the educational settings do not allow for having control groups or randomization, probably, experimental studies do not help with this. Social Media Usage and Individuals Intentions Toward Adopting Bitcoin: The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Perceived Risk. Citation2017). This point should be highlighted that the link between the use of social media and affective states is bi-directional. Rafferty and Vander Ven (Citation2014, 364), described cyberbullying as repeated unwanted, hurtful, harassing, and or threatening interaction through electronic communication media. 6, 7783. The counselors can be made aware of the potential adverse effects of social networking and can adapt the content of their inquiries accordingly. Compu. Similarly, Mathewson (2020) investigated the effect of using social media on college students mental health. To examine the discriminant validity, we followed the procedure recommended by Fornell and Larcker (Citation1981). Citation2020) and engagement (Junco Citation2012). Particularly testing in an individualistic culture will be of great interest. The findings reveal a positive link among social media utilisation and the engagement and creativity of higher education students. Figure 1 explains our model; The tradition of social media in all walks of life has been increased rapidly in the recent years (Anser et al. Here we make this hypothesis; H1a: The usage of social media by students is associated positively with students academic engagement. Results of confirmatory factor analysis. The findings showed that the types and frequency of using social media and the students perceived mental health were significantly correlated with each other. As for the positive correlation found in many studies between the use of social media and such negative effects as anxiety, depression, and stress, it can be hypothesized that this correlation is induced by the continuous comparison the individual makes and the perception that others are doing better than him/her influenced by the posts that appear on social media. J. Adolesc. Creativity and innovation are considered to be important instruments for scientific progress. Another important finding of our research is to identify a boundary condition role of cyberbullying. A six-items scale from the studies of Zhang and Bartol (Citation2010) and Meng, Tan, and Li (Citation2017) was used for measuring student creativity in our research. Universities can provide more on-campus resources both for research and work experience purposes from which the students can benefit more than the cyberspace that can be tricky on many occasions. Social media has a negative impact on the academic performance of 21st-century undergraduate medical students. Social media activity showed to be positively and moderately associated with depression and anxiety. Getting Vygotskian about theory of mind: Mediation, dialogue, and the development of social understanding. This study applied quantitative research methodology using a questionnaire to determine the. The use of social media is incomparably on the rise among students, influenced by the globalized forms of communication and the post-pandemic rush to use multiple social media platforms for education in different fields of study. Citation2016; Nunnally and Bernstein Citation1978). The results of research show that in this digital age, social media utilisation by students is an essential driver of creativity and engagement in academic activities. Digital Marketer needed Ended. Addict. Exemplary works of research on these affective variables are reviewed here. Past study has also found similar findings for instance, Kim and Drumwright (Citation2016) argued that social media usage may enhance individuals intrinsic motivation. Workshops, conferences, and seminars can be arranged for this specific purpose of learning the effective utilisation of social media. Malik et al. (2017). As a result, they might feel anxious or depressed. According to Fleck and Johnson-Migalski (2015), though social media, at first, plays the role of a stress-coping strategy, when individuals continue to see stressful conditions (probably experienced and shared by others in media), they begin to develop stress through the passage of time. Differ. High. If teachers are informed of the recent research findings about the potential effects of massively using social media on students, they may find ways to reduce students distraction or confusion in class due to the excessive or over-reliant use of these networks. Of the total 267 participants, 56.92% were female students, 57.30% were in the age group of 2125 years, and 52.44% were graduate students Table 1. J. Environ. The theories of motivation guide that the external factors affect individuals intrinsic motivation for learning (Garske and Arkes Citation1982; McAuley, Duncan, and Tammen Citation1989). We then applied Herman single factor test to assess the possible threat of CMV in our study (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, and Podsakoff Citation2012). Research has mainly indicated that students emotional experiences are mainly dependent on teachers pedagogical approach. The teachers cannot always be in a full control of students use of social media, and the other fact is that students do not always and only use social media for educational purposes. These results have supported our moderated mediation hypotheses 3b and 3c. It's also a platform where you can share your thoughts, feelings, or opinions as well as read others' stories. Teachers may not be in full control of their students use of social media, but they have always played an active role in motivating or demotivating students to take particular measures in their academic lives. In their research, the social media resources were found to be stress-inducing for half of the participants, all university students. Facebook's rollout had a larger effect on women's mental health than on men's mental health, the study showed. At higher education, students needs are more life-like. Social Media as Educational Tool - Students Questionnaire 1. (Getty Images) Social media connects people and amplifies different aspects of humanity in good and bad ways. In the recent era, the utilisation of social media platforms in human life has increased rapidly (Anser et al. Its use is growing significantly more than ever before especially in the post-pandemic era, marked by a great revolution happening to the educational systems. Another investigation was focused on secondary school students in China conducted by Li et al. Citation2019). The . Two main theories underlying some negative emotions like boredom and anxiety are over-stimulation and under-stimulation. Our findings further highlight that though the social media usage by the students is connected positively to student creativity, and the engagement but these relationships are weak when students face cyberbullying. The main survey tool, a social media questionnaire on awareness, use, and satisfaction with a selection of social media, shows how students assess the suitability of these platforms for learning. Intrinsic Motivation as a Mediator. Students Experiences of Bullying in High School and Their Adjustment and Motivation During the First Semester of College, Social Media and Education: Reconceptualizing the Boundaries of Formal and Informal Learning, Perceived Autonomy Support, Intrinsic Motivation, and Student Ratings of Instruction, Supervisory Styles and Graduate Student Creativity: the Mediating Roles of Creative Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation, An Updated and Expanded Assessment of PLS-SEM in Information Systems Research, Examining Factors Associated with Intrinsic Motivation in Physical Education: a Qualitative Approach, Intrinsic Motivation, External Reward, and Their Effect on Overall Motivation and Performance, If I Were Secretary of Education: A Focus on Intrinsic Motivation and Creativity in the Classroom, Cultivating Youth Resilience to Prevent Bullying and Cyberbullying Victimization, Between Control and Creativity: Challenging co-Creation and Social Media use in a Museum Context, The Moderating Role of Social Media Usage in the Relationship among Multicultural Experiences, Cultural Intelligence, and Individual Creativity, Teachers Conceptions of Student Creativity in Higher Education, When is Creativity? Am. Researchers argue that when an individual's intrinsic motivation is absent, the individual pays less attention to the work because of the lack of interest and enjoyment (Grant and Ashford Citation2008; Zhang and Bartol Citation2010).
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