Between ~43.5ka, these societies gradually transformed into food producers, possibly through contact with northern pastoralists and agriculturalists, as the environment became more arid. [112] Liberia's external debt was estimated in 2006 at approximately $4.5 billion, 800% of GDP. [149], Liberia has begun exploration for offshore oil; unproven oil reserves may be in excess of one billion barrels. [206], One-third of married Liberian women between the ages of 1549 are in polygamous marriages. [168] While separation of church and state is mandated by the Constitution, Liberia is considered a Christian state in practice. [68], Tropical rainforests cover the hills, while elephant grass and semi-deciduous forests make up the dominant vegetation in the northern sections. Time zone: Noon = noon GMT. Shallow, coarse lithosols, in the hilly and rugged terrain, cover about one-eighth of the land. Liberian Muslims are divided between Sunnis, Shias, Ahmadiyyas, Sufis, and non-denominational Muslims.[169]. [58][59], In 2006, the government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address the causes and crimes of the civil war. [1] Senators serve nine-year terms and are elected at-large by a plurality of the popular vote. [164], According to the 2008 National Census, 85.6% of the population practiced Christianity, while Muslims represented a minority of 12.2%. In 1824 the territory was named Liberia, and its main settlement was named Monrovia, which is the present-day capital. (April 2014). Quakers believed black people would face better chances for freedom in Africa than in the U.S.[7][19] While slaveholders opposed freedom for enslaved people, some viewed "repatriation" of free people of color as a way to avoid slave rebellions. [164] As of 2022, 27 indigenous languages are spoken in Liberia, but each is a first language for only a small percentage of the population. Tbg and its vector Glossina palpalis gambiense are a constant presence in the rainforests here. The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States organized a military task force to intervene in the crisis. [40] In international affairs, it was a founding member of the United Nations, a vocal critic of South African apartheid,[41] a proponent of African independence from European colonial powers, and a supporter of Pan-Africanism. [citation needed] Liberia struggled to attract investment to develop infrastructure and a larger, industrial economy. Located in Monrovia, the university opened in 1862. Official name: Republic of Liberia. [189] Approximately 58.2%[190] 66%[191] of women are estimated to have undergone female genital mutilation. [85], Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. Howard Brotz, ed., African American Social & Political Thought 18501920 (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1996), 3839. [195] In 2009, government expenditure on health care per capita was US$22,[196] accounting for 10.6% of total GDP. [68], Liberia's watershed tends to move in a southwestern pattern towards the sea as new rains move down the forested plateau off the inland mountain range of Guine Forestire, in Guinea. The country is home to a lush rainforest containing a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Born into slavery in Tennessee, Ricks said, "I had heard it often, from the time I was a child, how good the Queen had been to my peopleto slavesand how she wanted us to be free. [13] A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005. Monrovia is the largest and capital city of Liberia. [74] It had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 4.79/10, ranking it 116th globally out of 172 countries. Omissions? (Nelson) See the Map of Liberia with Monrovia. The countrys first post-conflict elections, held in 2005, were noteworthy for the election of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf to the presidency, as she was the first woman to be elected head of state in Africa. Mortality from tropical diseases was highof the 4,571 emigrants who arrived in Liberia between 1820 and 1843, only 1,819 survived. Four types of soil are found in Liberia. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Coeditor of. Official Name: Republic of Liberia Location: West Africa coast between Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cte d'Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean Population: 5,057,681 (as of 2020) Land Area: 43,000 square miles (111,369 square kilometres) Capital: Monrovia Official Language: English Form of Government: Unitary presidential constitutional republic As in other African countries, China is an important part of the post-conflict reconstruction. Town of Monrovia 1827 [67] Weah cited fighting corruption, reforming the economy, combating illiteracy, and improving living conditions as the main targets of his presidency.[67]. [150] The government divided its offshore waters into 17 blocks and began auctioning off exploration licenses for the blocks in 2004, with further auctions in 2007 and 2009. As inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter coast. The map can be downloaded, printed, and used for educational purposes or coloring. Category:Headlands of Liberia . [30][31][32], The leadership of the new nation consisted largely of the Americo-Liberians, who initially established political and economic dominance in the coastal areas that the ACS had purchased; they maintained relations with U.S. contacts in developing these areas and the resulting trade. In a conscious effort to emulate the American South, the Americo-Liberian settlers adopted clothing such as hoop skirts and tailcoats, and excluded natives from economic opportunities, including creating plantations on which natives were forced to work as slaves. Hospitals in Liberia include the John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Monrovia and several others. Liberia Bordering Countries: [86] Montserrado is also the most populous county with 1,144,806 residents as of the 2008 census. During World War II, the United States made major infrastructure improvements to support its military efforts in Africa and Europe against Germany. [103] This score represented a significant improvement since 2007, when the country scored 2.1 and ranked 150th of 180 countries. 911. [68] However, Mount Nimba near Yekepa, is higher at 4,724 feet (1,440m) above sea level but is not wholly within Liberia as Nimba shares a border with Guinea and Ivory Coast and is their tallest mountain as well. During World War II, Liberia supported the United States war effort against Germany, and in turn received considerable American investment in infrastructure, which aided the country's wealth and development. It contains the Freeport of Monrovia, the major national port of Liberia and a variety of businesses. Liberia is a country in West Africa. Based on the political principles of the United States Constitution, it established the independent Republic of Liberia. Finally, there is a mountainous highland region to the north hosting the country's highest point, the 1,440 m high Mount Wuteve, which has been marked on the map by an upright yellow triangle. [79] A 2004 public opinion survey found that bushmeat ranked second behind fish amongst residents of the capital Monrovia as a preferred source of protein. [46], The rebels soon split into various factions fighting one another. [49] The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, a rebel group based in the northwest of the country, launched an armed insurrection against Taylor. Liberia is divided into 15 counties which are subdivided into 90 and further into clans. [77] Species hunted for food in Liberia include elephants, pygmy hippopotamus, chimpanzees, leopards, duikers, and other monkeys. One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks,[203] who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Much of Liberia's communications infrastructure was destroyed or plundered during the two civil wars (19891996 and 19992003). Challenges of reservoir hosts and transmission cycles: Expect the unexpected", "Desert Locust Bulletin General situation during September 2021 Forecast until mid-November 2021", "Restoring the Battered and Broken Environment of Liberia One of the Keys to a New and Sustainable Future". This makes them the youngest examples of such MSA technology anywhere in Africa. The Atlantic Ocean borders Liberia to the south-southwest. Founded in 1988, the school is owned and operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Monrovia. Subsequently, it was one of 32 nations to take part in the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919, which ended the war and established the League of Nations; Liberia was among the few African and non-Western nations to participate in both the conference and the founding of the League. [100], Corruption is endemic at every level of the Liberian government. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. [101] When President Sirleaf took office in 2006, she announced that corruption was "the major public enemy. [165] Liberians also speak a variety of creolized dialects collectively known as Liberian English. [172], Higher education is provided by a number of public and private universities. [citation needed], In the United States, there was a movement to settle free people of color, both free-born and formerly enslaved, in Africa. Liberias terrain ranges from the low and sandy coastal plains to rolling hills and dissected plateau further inland. These features may represent social networks or some form of cultural diffusion allied to changing ecological conditions. Liberia Population What Is The Population Of Liberia? Providence Island is situated between Mesurado River and Stockton creek, can be described as an interesting period in the history of Liberia and is very symbolic as a testament of how freed slaves forged nationhood out of their forced calamity upon gaining freedom when slavery was abolished. [47] From 1989 to 1997 around 60,000 to 80,000 Liberians died, and, by 1996, around 700,000 others had been displaced into refugee camps in neighboring countries. Corrections? Guinea, Cote D'Ivoire, Sierra Leone. August 9, 2012. Monrovia, capital, largest city, and chief Atlantic port of Liberia, located on Bushrod Island and Cape Mesurado. See hiking info, trail maps, and trip reports for every peak. It has a population of around 5 million and covers an area of 43,000 square miles (111,369km2). During the rainy season there is often severe flooding in the coastal plains. [34], Liberia remained neutral during World War I until August 4, 1917, upon declaring war on Germany. Liberia is bounded by Sierra Leone to the northwest, Guinea to the north, Cte dIvoire to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west. The population is composed . Monrovia stands on such an outcropping, a ridge of diabase (a dark-coloured, fine-grained rock). The greatest amount of rainfall, 205 inches (5,200 mm), occurs at Cape Mount and diminishes inland to about 70 inches (1,800 mm) on the central plateau. [45] By September 1990, Doe's forces controlled only a small area just outside the capital, and Doe was captured and executed in that month by rebel forces. From its original name, it was first renamed . Outsiders' knowledge of the west of Africa began with a Portuguese sailor, Pedro de Sintra, who reached the Liberian coast in 1461. In 1980, political tensions from the rule of William R. Tolbert resulted in a military coup during which Tolbert was killed, marking the end of Americo-Liberian rule in the country and beginning over two decades of political instability. Between 1822 and the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, more than 15,000 freed and free-born African Americans, along with 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to Liberia. Please select which sections you would like to print: Professor and Chairman, Department of History, University of Liberia, Monrovia. Many treessuch as red ironwood, camwood, whismore, teak, and mahoganyare valuable, but occur with other species, preventing easy harvest. [22] These free African Americans and their descendants married within their community and came to identify as Americo-Liberians. The national capital of Monrovia is located in Montserrado. In alphabetical order, the 15 counties are Bomi, Bong, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, and Sinoe. The lowest point of the country is the Atlantic Ocean at 0m. Sirleaf's Vision With Passion", "Notes, Presented by Professor and Dean of the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law, University of Liberia, David A. Pages in category "Islands of Liberia" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. [19] Similar state-based organizations established colonies in Mississippi-in-Africa, Kentucky in Africa, and the Republic of Maryland, which Liberia later annexed. [200], According to an Overseas Development Institute report, private health expenditure accounts for 64.1% of total spending on health. [77] Bushmeat is often exported to neighboring Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast, despite a ban on the cross-border sale of wild animals. Liberia forms part of the West African Shield, a rock formation 2.7 to 3.4 billion years old, composed of granite, schist, and gneiss. LinkedIn 15 Best Places to Visit in Liberia: Monrovia Sapo National Park Robertsport Buchanan Gbarnga Harbel Gola National Forest Bushrod Island Marshall Zwedru Kakata Greenville Harper Voinjama Sanniquellie ", "Ellen Describes Tubman University's Opening As PRS Success", "Remarks by H.E. In 1816, a group of white Americans founded the American Colonization Society (ACS) to deal with the "problem" of the growing number of free blacks in the United States by resettling them in Africa. They intermarried largely within the colonial community, developing an ethnic group that had a cultural tradition infused with American notions of political republicanism and Protestant Christianity. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). These new inhabitants brought skills such as cotton spinning, cloth weaving, iron smelting, rice and sorghum cultivation, and social and political institutions from the Mali and Songhai empires. It is a region suitable for agriculture and forestry. Liberia is the only Black state in Africa never subjected to colonial rule and is Africas oldest republic. Rape is the most frequently reported crime, accounting for more than one-third of sexual violence cases. Forestry is an important industry in Liberia. The Mano and Morro rivers in the northwest and the Cavalla in the east and southeast are major rivers and form sections of Liberias boundaries. Edward Wilmot Blyden, Bai T. Moore, Roland T. Dempster and Wilton G. S. Sankawulo are among Liberia's more prominent authors. This page was last edited on 16 April 2023, at 03:12. In Liberia, the Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports Complex serves as a multi-purpose stadium. Total capacity in 2013 was 20 MW, a sharp decline from a peak of 191 MW in 1989 before the wars. The University of Liberia is the country's largest and oldest university. [71] Climate change is expected to severely impact the economy of Liberia, especially agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. A striking feature of the mountainous northern highlands along the Guinea frontier is Mount Nimba. pp. As observed on Liberia's physical map, the elevation of the land gradually increases with distance from the coast. On May 9, 2015, Liberia was declared Ebola free after six weeks with no new cases. As of October 2007 it has 844 officers in 33 stations in Montserrado County, which contains Monrovia. The Cavalla is the longest river in the nation at 320 mi (515 km). [citation needed] On July 16, 1892, Martha Ann Erskine Ricks met Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle and presented her a handmade quilt, Liberia's first diplomatic gift. [1] The vice president serves as the President of the Senate, with a President pro tempore serving in their absence. Hemispheres: Northern and Eastern. It was established on land acquired for freed U.S. slaves by the American Colonization Society, which founded a colony at Cape Mesurado in 1821. Give their locations, and length in miles. Americo-Liberians formed into a small elite that held disproportionate political power; indigenous Africans were excluded from birthright citizenship in their own land until 1904.[11][12]. [76] In September 2014, Liberia and Norway struck an agreement whereby Liberia ceased all logging in exchange for $150 million in development aid. It was among the few African countries to maintain its sovereignty during the Scramble for Africa. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [105], The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, Liberia's primary currency (the United States dollar is also legal tender in Liberia). However, these animals, along with the already threatened elephants, bush cows (short-horned buffalo), and leopards, were hunted for food during the civil war; their populations are recovering. [140], There are six major newspapers in Liberia, and 65% of the population has a mobile phone service. With an area of 11,551 sq. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}630N 930W / 6.500N 9.500W / 6.500; -9.500. However, over the years the two groups joined and the terms "Americo -Liberian" and "Congo" were used interchangeably. At $0.54 per kWh, the cost of electricity in Liberia is among the highest in the world. [167] A multitude of diverse Protestant confessions such as Lutheran, Baptist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Pentecostal, United Methodist, African Methodist Episcopal (AME) and African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AME Zion) denominations form the bulk of the Christian population, followed by adherents of the Catholic Church and other non-Protestant Christians. The settlers wore top hat and tails and modeled their homes on those of Southern slaveowners. Other trees of value are rubber, cacao, coffee, and the raffia palm. A peace deal was signed later that month. [citation needed], Liberia has a rich history in textile arts and quilting, as the settlers brought with them their sewing and quilting skills. However, Lincoln in 1862 described Liberia as only "in a certain sensea success", and proposed instead that free people of color be assisted to emigrate to Chiriqu, today part of Panama. [113][114], Current impediments to growth include a small domestic market, lack of adequate infrastructure, high transportation costs, poor trade links with neighboring countries and the high dollarization of the economy. Retrieved October 29, 2013, Marc DuBois and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett (2015). [86], Prior to the 2008 census, the last census had been taken in 1984 and listed the country's population as 2,101,628. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; . There are many reptiles, including three types of crocodiles and at least eight poisonous snakes. [75], Liberia is a global biodiversity hotspota significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from humans. 15th-century Portuguese navigators named itfor the cavalla (or horse mackerel) found at its mouth. The area includes Liberia's highest mountain, Mount Wuteve (Wutuwi) at 1,447 m, as well as several other peaks, including Mount Balagizi (1,100 m). [201], The religious practices, social customs and cultural standards of the Americo-Liberians had their roots in the antebellum American South. "China and Liberia: Engagement in a Post-Conflict Country 20032013". President William Tubman encouraged economic and political changes that heightened the country's prosperity and international profile; Liberia was a founding member of the League of Nations, United Nations, and the Organisation of African Unity. Their passage of the 1865 Ports of Entry Act prohibited foreign commerce with the inland tribes, ostensibly to "encourage the growth of civilized values" before such trade was allowed in the region. [204], A rich literary tradition has existed in Liberia for over a century. [216] However, this change has been gradual, with government reports concurrently using both United States Customary and metric units. [28] The United Kingdom was the first country to recognize Liberia's independence. [79], Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is endemic in some animal hosts here including both domestic and wild. The presence of MSA populations in forests remains an open question; however technological differences may correlate with various ecological zones. This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. [93], The Liberian National Police is the country's national police force. Liberia declared independence on July 26, 1847, which the U.S. did not recognize until February 5, 1862. The coastal plains are about 350 miles (560 km) long and extend up to 25 miles (40 km) inland. [214], Liberia has not yet completely adopted the International System of Units (abbreviated as the SI, also called the metric system). [citation needed] It was made up primarily of Americo-Liberians, who maintained social, economic and political dominance well into the 20th century, repeating patterns of European colonists in other nations in Africa. [92], In the past, both of Liberia's neighbors, Guinea and Sierra Leone, have accused Liberia of backing rebels in their countries. This was because they faced racial discrimination in the form of political disenfranchisement and the denial of civil, religious, and social rights. [80] The West African pariah dog is also a host for Tbg. Column - Arts and Culture today is looking at a very important cultural heritage- The Providence Island, which was originally called the Dozoa Island. [155], As of the 2017 national census, Liberia was home to 4,694,608 people. [80] In pigs here and in Ivory Coast, that includes Tbg group 1. [102], Liberia scored a 3.3 on a scale from 10 (highly clean) to 0 (highly corrupt) on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index. [118] The country acted as a major trader in Sierra Leonian blood diamonds, exporting over US$300 million in diamonds in 1999. It was founded during the administration of U.S. Pres. The Americo-Liberian settlers did not relate well to the indigenous peoples they encountered. [20][21] By 1867, the ACS (and state-related chapters) had assisted in the migration of more than 13,000 people of color from the United States and the Caribbean to Liberia. [89], Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Located on Capitol Hill, the school has approximately 2,000 students. Four physiographic regions run nearly parallel to the Atlantic coast of the country. [205] Moore's novella Murder in the Cassava Patch is considered Liberia's most celebrated novel. Commerce is prohibited by law on Sunday and major Christian holidays. [42], On April 12, 1980, a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the Krahn ethnic group overthrew and killed President William R. Tolbert Jr. Doe and the other plotters later executed a majority of Tolbert's cabinet and other Americo-Liberian government officials and True Whig Party members. A small minority of Liberians who are White Africans of European descent reside in the country. In Liberia the shield has been intensely folded and faulted and is interspersed with iron-bearing formations known as itabirites. [73] Four terrestrial ecoregions lie within Liberia's borders: Guinean montane forests, Western Guinean lowland forests, Guinean forestsavanna mosaic, and Guinean mangroves. Liberia, country along the coast of western Africa. Crane, Keith; Gompert, David C; Oliker, Olga; Riley, Kevin Jack; and Lawson, Brooke Stearns. [208], Liberian cuisine heavily incorporates rice, the country's staple food. In 2007, the HIV infection rates stood at 2% of the population aged 1549[188] whereas the incidence of tuberculosis was 420 per 100,000 people in 2008. "[163] That being said, numerous immigrants have come as merchants and become a major part of the business community, including Lebanese, Indians, and other West African nationals. [18] Formed in 1816, the American Colonization Society (ACS) was made up mostly of Quakers and slaveholders. [95] A history of corruption among police officers diminishes public trust and operational effectiveness. [139] In 2013, the mineral sector accounted for 11% of GDP in the country and the World Bank projected a further increase in the sector by 2017. Liberia also helped to fund the Organisation of African Unity. Adolescent girls are the most frequently assaulted, and almost 40% of perpetrators are adult men known to victims. The government does not require businesses or schools to excuse Muslims for Friday prayers. B Bushrod Island P Providence Island, Liberia Islands by country Islands of Africa by country Landforms of Liberia Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata
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