Security during movement includes whatever the platoon, vehicle crews, or squads do to secure the unit or the larger force. 0000008495 00000 n The most common use of indirect fires is when the infiltrating unit makes enemy contact, in which case the commander or platoon leader may employ indirect fires in another sector to divert attention from the infiltration lane. (c) Choose and Recommend a COA and Maneuver the Force. The reconnaissance platoon can not conduct its mission if the enemy decisively engages it. b. In conducting both mounted and dismounted movement on the battlefield, the reconnaissance platoon uses three movement techniques: traveling, traveling overwatch, and bounding overwatch. Do Car Companies Know Where Their Critical Minerals Come From? (2) All crews involved in the maneuver must always maintain all-round security at all times. (3) During movement through a wooded area, the platoon should move using traveling overwatch. 0000040587 00000 n Section using traveling overwatch technique and wedge formation. Mounted riflemen had no sabers and had, as the name implied, rifles. In bounding overwatch, one element is always stopped to provide overwatch. The move-set technique of movement is simply an organized way of controlling the reconnaissance section when it moves in bounding overwatch. The steps that make up actions on contact must be thoroughly trained and rehearsed so that the platoon can react instinctively, as a team, whenever it encounters enemy forces. "Working on this project with PM Mission Command and tactical units has enabled CERDEC to rapidly provide operational capability to the Warfighter, successively providing improvements over a four-month sprint," Barton said. Shackled to an aging, ill-suited vehicle lacking standoff, the R&S . Uniform Standards at all times DCU Complete LBV/E Complete Flak Jacket/OTV Helmet Weapon at the ready Our TTPs (cont.) The reconnaissance platoon may use this form of maneuver during reconnaissance and security operations and may reconnoiter passage lanes and infiltration routes before movement of the battalion. Teams and individuals increase the interval between them. Open areas frequently afford the reconnaissance platoon the opportunity to observe the enemy or objectives from long ranges. This can best be done by moving to the enemy's flank or rear. In most cases, planning for an exfiltration operation begins at the same time as planning for the infiltration (or other tactical operation) that precedes it. The platoon maintains relative positioning based on terrain and combat losses. (1) Traveling Overwatch. Figure 3-9. 0000008930 00000 n They get position updates to ensure the forward security element remains on azimuth and within range of supporting direct fires. Based on the initial spot report of the reconnaissance section or team in contact, the platoon leader determines that he has located his primary reconnaissance objective. Footage of 1-9 CAV, 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division highlighting Bradley dismounted operations at Rodriguez Range. (2) During mounted movement, leaders use their commander's tactical display (CTD) to monitor the company, platoon, and sections. MOUNTED SECURITY HALT. Figure 3-6 shows the platoon in the staggered column in a two-section organization with the heavy section leading. The command and control equipment available to the SBCT infantry battalion reconnaissance platoon significantly enhances the platoon's ability to conduct effective tactical movement, both day and night. Visibility within wooded areas is very limited; therefore, reconnaissance is confined primarily to trafficable routes and trails through the forest. Four GCVs per mechanized infantry platoon allow for the carrying of full nine-man squads (plus the three-man GCV crews) in a single vehicle. Ground reconnaissance assets use infiltration most often although aerial platforms may also employ tactics based on infiltration techniques. c. Light Discipline. The herringbone provides 360-degree security during a temporary halt from a march column (Figure 3-8). Should the platoon become decisively engaged, it must have a plan on how to break contact with the enemy. Table 3-2 compares squad formations. During infiltration, the platoon uses predesignated routes to reach its objective without being detected and engaged by the enemy. When choosing a movement formation or technique, the leader considers the most recent situational update and the level of C2 needed for the mission. (2) Regardless of how thorough this analysis and planning may be, direct contact with the enemy is still a possibility, usually as a result of chance contact. The partnership between CERDEC and PM Mission Command is yielding significant results for DevOps assessments, said J. Tyler Barton, science and technology demonstration-objective manager for expeditionary mission command with CERDEC's Command, Power and Integration Directorate. Whenever possible, the reconnaissance platoon should reconnoiter urban areas from a distance, execute hand-off to follow-on elements, and bypass if possible. MOUNTED ELEMENT. The trail element moves at variable speeds, providing continuous overwatch. The goal is always for recon units to be as small and silent as possible. By enforcing and applying the principles of terrain driving, leaders and drivers, respectively, can enhance security. (2) File Formation. The term "danger area" refers to any area on the route where the terrain would expose the platoon to enemy observation, fire, or both. For information on reprint and reuse permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. It stops inside the wood line, ensuring it is still within the shadow line of the woods. The Pardee RAND Graduate School (PardeeRAND.edu) is home to the only Ph.D. and M.Phil. The lead element moves continuously along the covered and concealed routes that give it the best available protection from possible threat observation and direct fire (Figure 3-18). Figure 3-12. When engagement is complete and the enemy is destroyed, the COA is obvious: the section or team continues its mission. If this occurs, the platoon leader must decide whether to commit additional platoon assets to the contact to develop it further or to adopt a COA based on the information he has discovered to that point. 0000006037 00000 n (5) Coil and Herringbone Formations. A good technique is to plot the waypoints to coincide with other graphic control measures such as checkpoints and rally points or significant terrain features. f. Fire Support. The staggered column is used for rapid movement across open terrain. They base decisions about routes and movement techniques on the mission, terrain and weather, likelihood of enemy contact, speed of movement, and depth to which the platoon's elements must penetrate. The ANA MPs showed up prepared and ready for a mission with U.S. forces. When the terrain precludes use of the wedge, fire teams use the file formation (Figure 3-8). In densely wooded areas, mounted elements are extremely vulnerable to dismounted enemy forces that can close on them undetected. As Soldiers connect to the BFT network, X JBC-P would achieve units' needs for beyond line-of-sight mission command for company and above echelons. hVms81Nn-Nf Kr^}"jlj4NI_nvZ>+!|0!4>`19 pq&$=).\d\x> Two-section platoon wedge formation. Crewmen in the bounding element must continuously scan their assigned sectors of observation. %%EOF Naturally, when the unit must cross a danger area, it does so as quickly and carefully as possible. (b) Herringbone. (2) Contouring Around the Open Area. b. 0000009697 00000 n This gives the rest of the platoon freedom to maneuver. The platoon leader ensures that primary and alternate linkup points are not on a single azimuth leading away from the OP or exfiltration route. The platoon uses these methods when it must cover long distances, time of return is essential, the exfiltration route lacks adequate cover and concealment, the enemy does not have air superiority, or heavily populated hostile areas obstruct ground exfiltration. Section dismounted formation. Rough terrain, limited visibility, or other factors might cause the squad to modify the wedge into a file for control purposes. 0000083635 00000 n Once the platoon determines the nature of the enemy it faces, the platoon leader updates the spot report. All vehicles should move completely off the road if terrain allows. b. The amount of intelligence information available to the reconnaissance platoon leader during the planning process determines the risk involved in conducting the infiltration. The purpose of tactical movement is to move units on the battlefield to prepare them for contact with the enemy. The hardware is smaller, lighter and less expensive through its transition to a software application hosted on the . 0000000016 00000 n (d) Execute the COA. However, the distances between covered and concealed positions may make the use of dismounted infantry impractical. Figure 3-15. Once the vehicles are inside the wood line (approximately 100 to 200 meters), the platoon shuts off vehicle engines, maintains dismounted security, and conducts a listening/security halt. The radio can be used vest-worn, handheld, or mounted, and is ideal for As the probability of enemy contact increases, the platoon leader adjusts the movement technique to provide greater security. The squad file has the same characteristics as the fire team file. As the Army begins its transition to fight the next high intensity conflict, mounted and dismounted reconnaissance units across the formation risk being left behind. This COA is appropriate when the reconnaissance platoon discovers enemy elements his higher commander wants to destroy but which it cannot destroy either because it lacks sufficient combat power or because it has other tasks to perform. The lead vehicle advances to a point (first move) where it can support the advance of the overwatch vehicle. Squads move either in a column or modified wedge. On this day in 1938, the Scinde Horse dismounted from horses and mounted those magnificent machines- The Tanks. Maneuver happens once a unit has made contact with the enemy. The cleared area must be large enough to allow full deployment of the remainder of the platoon. It also identifies previously unknown elements, and then suppresses them with direct and indirect fires. trailer The platoon must approach hills and curves cautiously, and dismounted members must clear any dead space. Enemy weapons, unknown terrain, and other operational factors all increase the danger. As they develop new information, they send spot reports to the platoon leader. ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. DISMOUNTED MOVEMENT FORMATIONS. According to the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, "Mounted rifles are half cavalry, mounted infantry merely specially mobile infantry." Today, with motor vehicles having replaced horses for military transport, the motorized infantry are in some respects successors to mounted infantry. c. Maps. The principles of land navigation while mounted are basically the same as while dismounted. The unit that moves first keeps its weapon systems oriented on the enemy. This method is easier to control and is more secure than alternate bounding, but it is slower. During its move, the lead vehicle overwatches it. The advantages of moving as a platoon are faster movement and easier control and navigation. endstream endobj startxref 0000005326 00000 n This becomes more critical as the likelihood of enemy contact increases. Ideally, the overwatch element keeps the bounding element in sight. (1) Visual Contact, Undetected by the Enemy. In most cases, the reconnaissance platoon can not or should not mass its combat power to defeat an enemy force. The platoon coil provides all-round security during halts. a. The platoon leader maneuvers his mounted element and rifle squads to close with, gain positional advantage over, and ultimately destroy the enemy. Mechanized infantry are infantry units equipped with armored personnel carriers (APCs) or infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) for transport and combat (see also armoured forces ). The lead vehicle then moves forward again, with the overwatch vehicle providing security. To aid in the control of movement, the platoon should choose rally points for all infiltrations and exfiltrations. The platoon can also use indirect fires to degrade the enemy's acquisition and observation capabilities by forcing him to seek cover. The echelon formation covers the exposed flank of a larger force well, and has the following characteristics, advantages, and limitations: SecurityGood, for echelon sides of higher formation. When the platoon has to move across large open areas with limited cover and concealment, the platoon leader should consider the factors of METT-TC before firing indirect or direct fire while the platoon moves. d. Lateral or Boundary Routes. The platoon leader assigns lanes to the sections and teams. (b) In addition, the squad in. During mounted and dismounted movement, the platoon employs combat formations when the terrain supports their use or when the mission or reconnaissance objective is very focused. To do this, they use information from the battalion S2, sensor reports on the FBCB2, and information collected by dismounted patrols. The term "squad formation" refers to the relative locations of the fire teams. Mounted Formations. His other sections continue their reconnaissance mission. Each movement technique and formation has unique advantages and disadvantages. a. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. Units with more than four vehicles should consider. These lateral corridors pose a security threat to both the platoon and the other friendly elements. Once the reconnaissance section or team is set in cover and concealment and has submitted its initial reports, it must develop the situation. The far-side security element leader establishes an OP forward of the cleared area. Both the platoon leader and platoon sergeant stay in the center of the formation, with their wingmen located to the rear of and outside of them. Methods of bounding overwatch. Wooded Areas. The exfiltrating force should use mountains, dense foliage, and other terrain features to screen these noises. They must also state what actions the reconnaissance platoon must take if it must exfiltrate unexpectedly. When contact occurs, the reconnaissance platoon leader bases the platoon's actions on the commander's intent and guidance that he receives from the OPORD and or FRAGO. The coil (Figure 3-5) is used to provide all-round security and observation when the platoon is stationary. Patrols request permission to return to the platoon vehicles. Examples include large open areas, roads and trails, and bridges or crossing sites over water obstacles. Crossing Large Open Areas (Mounted). The squad moves alone or as part of the platoon's dismounted element. Based on task organization, the reconnaissance platoon leader must carefully assess METT-TC factors before deciding upon this COA. hb```b``a`c`bf@ aV(>cZ>e !7Rz5,-*xhd$!+vlq3V Z iiP ,H $> @l v$C[Ca/ \B !kl Ldg:.!Gd {O0U' The platoon normally uses the line formation when no terrain remains between it and the enemy, when the platoon has suppressed the enemy's antitank weapons, or when the platoon is vulnerable to artillery fire and must move fast. If the platoon has a hard time linking up at the rally point, then the first element to arrive should mark the rally point with an infrared light source. Planning. c. Mounted Formations. Helping Coastal Communities Plan for Climate Change, Measuring Wellbeing to Help Communities Thrive, Assessing and Articulating the Wider Benefits of Research. Leaders track the movement of forward security elements.. Three GCVs could carry three complete mechanized infantry squads, and the fourth GCV can carry the platoon's organic and attached enablers. (4) Echelon Formation. It conducts dismounted reconnaissance to get detailed information on enemy dispositions. The DAPS enables dismounted Army forces to shoot, move, and communicate in GPS challenged environments. On signal, the overwatch vehicle moves forward to a position abreast of the lead vehicle (second move) and halts. (3) Column Formation. Once he identifies these areas, the platoon leader considers where the enemy will focus its reconnaissance assets and determines their fields of observation. The squad line (Figure 3-10) provides maximum firepower to the front. (Refer to Chapter 6 of this manual for specific information on the urban environment.). It assures PNT through integrity checks of and access to multiple integrated, modular, layered Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP)-constrained PNT sources. Exposed sections or teams should maintain minimum silhouette in their vehicles because of the danger from close-in snipers and ambush. The reconnaissance platoon should develop a coil SOP based on its mission-essential task list (METL), war plans, and most frequently used organizations. This paragraph discusses the technological advantages of the mobility systems and C3 subsystems of the reconnaissance platoon as operational aids for planning, navigating, controlling, and executing combat operations. b. Bounding Element. In very large open areas, however, use of dismounted troops may not be feasible because of the distances between covered and concealed positions. After the engagement is complete, he sends an initial spot report. c. Platoon Formation. During movement to the rally point, position updates allow separated elements to identify each other's locations. (3) The far-side security element clears the far side. (2) Developing the situation is a critical step in choosing the correct COA and providing an accurate, timely report to the commander. Based on the direction of enemy contact, the leader still designates the far- or near-side rally point. During infiltration using multiple lanes, the detection of one platoon's elements may alert the enemy and compromise other units in the infiltration zone. [Fqvh7^%.^M9]GS*Hq`PFIaK|S]!xUf9|nT2yy{M>EJgq&AtOL*E;lMz7*]L[fe:VVZI_ZRHJ6f;>8_U6LB&W{NhvXvCrOxC:.m9h+. Traveling (Mounted). He keeps the commander informed of his actions. Figure 3-3. The platoon uses the folds in the earth and any other concealment to mask its movement. When terrain permits sections to be mutually supporting (such as in desert terrain) and other METT-TC factors are favorable, the platoon leader can use this technique to control bounding by sections. 351 0 obj <>stream The leader is then able to plan for contact and determine how to employ TTP, such as the proper movement techniques, to reduce the occurrence of chance contact. If he decides additional assets are required, the platoon leader then orders other sections or teams not in contact to move to specific locations and assist in developing the situation. Thus far, the R&D team is making progress on reducing SWaP of each component of X JBC-P prototypes through both government-developed and commercial technologies. During limited visibility, he can also use his AN/PAQ-4B/C or AN/PEQ-2A to point out the rally points at a distance. Responding to units' requests to take JBC-P features outside their mounted platforms, Army researchers are prototyping options for experimentation. (1) Platoon members should use available terrain to scan the wooded area before entering. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. (a) Coil. Bounding overwatch can be executed using one of the following bounding methods. Known as danger areas, these are likely points of enemy contact due both to the platoon's vulnerability and to the cover, concealment, and observation these sites afford to the enemy. If the section or team receives fire from the enemy, it returns fire but only with the intent of breaking direct fire contact. When using infrared light, leaders must consider the enemy's night vision and infrared capabilities. Some offer security, but take longer; others offer speed, but less security. Hood, Texas, conducts a combined dismounted and mounted patrol south-east of FOB Lightning with AH-64 Apache Helicopters overhead on Aug 4, 2014. The base-of-fire element allows the bounding unit to keep maneuvering so it can retain the initiative, even when the enemy can see and fire on it. Crossing large open areas mounted (bounding overwatch). The Precision Fires-Dismounted system has undergone the most significant changes. The elements conduct mounted movement to designated dismount points where they organize dismounted patrols to develop the situation from a new direction. Mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching. Figure 3-20. What improvements does the Ground Combat Vehicle provide? Trail vehicle will provide rear security M998 or M35 with personnel in the back Orient weapon systems to the rear Each vehicle . Ph.D. They are organized using the four-step process. Leaders move units tactically to prepare them for contact. As these patrols discover the enemy and add additional information to the platoon leader's picture, the platoon leader may determine he has sufficient information to choose and execute a COA or to make a recommendation to his commander. One section or team acts as overwatch for the displacing section or team as it moves. Dismounted traveling overwatch. It must treat each as a separate task. When the enemy situation seems unclear or when contact might occur, leaders often use the wedge formation shown in Figure 3-2. Contingency plans should address what happens if a force fails to arrive or arrives late at a rally point. Locating covered and concealed movement routes for friendly attacking units. Section using bounding overwatch technique.
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