The pledge mentioned that the informer promised to offer relevant data but did not specify the names of the individuals spied upon, the recruitment method or the expected duration of the collaboration. [18], The Securitate archive contained several types of documents. It is part of the Wilson Center's History and Public Policy Program. [34] The note could be summarized in a single paragraph: that afternoon, Lulu made two calls from public phones and visited three different addresses in an attempt to show or give documents contained in a suitcase he carried with him all the time. An informers personal file included the recruitment report (raportul de recrutare), detailing the reasons why the candidate could prove useful for solving cases at hand, the conspiratorial name, the loyalty guarantees, the recruitment method, the basis for recruitment (voluntary collaboration, financial payment or blackmail), the contact system of passwords and countersigns to be used if meetings could not be organized at the pre-established time and place, the collaboration pledge (angajamentul de colaborare), several surveillance, verification and analysis materials in which the agent noted the loyalty and productivity of the informer, and the abandonment report (raportul de abandonare), detailing the reasons for and the method of deactivating the informer. A 1950s collaboration pledge this author accessed in the Securitate archives included a short machine-typed text and the signatures of the informer and recruiting officer. The Consulate Generaland the Embassy cant provide individuals with any police clearance document, nor can we assist in obtaining such a document. Among those who lost manuscripts were philosopher Lucian Blaga, poet Ion Caraion and pre-communist political party leader Constantin Titel Petrescu. In 1998, writer Romulus Rusan quoted Pintilies statement to the Chamber of Deputies that the estimated total number of Securitate files lost during the December 1989 March 1990 period is 130,000, of which only a tiny number were recovered from those who retained them illegally.[29], There is evidence that in the early 1990s former Securitate officers working for the Information Service tried to destroy thousands of political police files and standardized forms in an ill-conceived operation that was eventually revealed to the press. 22-25, and Big Brother Is Still Watching, Transition (26 May 1995), pp. Over the years, the Securitate's methods, goals and personnel changed. For some it was misplaced patriotism or the genuine desire to help their country, which they believed was threatened by domestic and foreign agents working to destroy its independence and sovereignty. The residents file contained an additional list with the names of the supporting individuals the resident was responsible for and the places where they met. Going to Court Overview Criminal Traffic Civil Traffic Traffic School Payment Policy Failure to Appear. 23] Florin Pintilie, Pastrare si acces la documentele Securitatii aflate in arhivele SRI, 22 (17 November 1998). Then I was introduced in a cellI was alone. Taking no pleasure in reporting, realizing the unethical nature of their collaboration, and helping themselves more than the Securitate, these informers kept the meetings with the liaison officer or resident short, and refrained from passing judgment on the victim's activity. Criminal records include Maricopa arrest records, mugshots, charges, convictions, sentences (acquittal), etc. Name Business Name Case Number DOB: (mm/dd/yyyy) Maricopa County Justice Courts. See all locations . The Securitate technical equipment allowed it to identify the phone numbers Tanase contacted, but not those where he was contacted from. Former political prisoner Cezar Zugravu described four successive attempts to recruit him, and the agents' sweeping promises, which were too good to ever become reality. Other times, documents were classified by type. Details of inmate offenses can be accessed by reviewing the case file at the Office of the Clerk of the Court where the case was adjudicated. The instructions told agents what to do in case collaboration was accepted, but remained silent on cases when candidates refused to collaborate. ACTIC; Arizona Game and Fish; Emergency Management; Ready, Set, Go! First, numerous observers contend that the political police destroyed the files of party members turned informers at the order of the communist leadership. As a result, Oprescu lost many friends and was mocked for his belated and halfhearted apology. It is almost certain that the order was not followed to the letter and some agents kept certain files for future reference. You are already toast. 34] Serviciul Roman de Informatii, Cartea Alba a Securitatii. 222 N Central #210 Phoenix, AZ 85004 | (602) 372-8530 Some 60 percent of the archive continued to be stored in military units that in 1990 became the property of the Information Service, whereas the archives of the Securitate Troops Unit, the Baneasa Officers School and the External Information Center went to other institutions. PHOENIX (3TV/CBS 5) Before you pick up the phone, Arizonans should be wary of a new phone scam claiming to be from the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office. Maricopa County Sheriff's Detention Officer Gene "Jim" Lee died in October of 2019 after a violent attack by Daniel . The problem, they claim, lies not with the political police, but with the repressive, unjust, discriminatory and abusive communist legislation. Until 1989, some 110,000 pages of manuscript were confiscated in surprise searches carried out in the homes of philosophers, writers, former political prisoners or ordinary citizens who confided their dissatisfaction with everyday life in Romania to personal diaries. View Mugshots; Inmate Account Deposits; Contact an Inmate; Send a Tip; . . . All documents included in nominal victim or informer files were bound together in standardized carton covers, with the front cover bearing the victims or informers alias which became the files name. 0:04. In April 1977 the Securitate boasted a total of 20,297 agents at the rank of army officers, of whom 13,397 were engaged in permanent missions and 6,900 could be drafted for occasional special missions, while six years later it included 1,389 officers, 968 sub-officers, 574 civilians and 20,459 young recruitsyoung men who just finished high-school or university and were neither Securitate civilians, nor officersto a grand total of 23,381 individuals. With all its shortcomings, the Securitate archive remains a valuable source of information that hopefully will become available to historians, political scientists, sociologists and other researchers interested in state-society relations, dissidence, terror and repression or life under the Romanian communist regime. back . I saw two civilians, a sub-lieutenantand a woman platoon commander. U.S. Citizens with emergencies, please call 021-270-6000 (press 8), Outside of Office Hours, contact: 021-270-6000 (press 8), Outside of Romania: +40-21-270-6000 (press 8), U.S.-Romania Cooperation on Small Modular Reactors. 85-88 and 90-92. If a charge is not displayed when you search the payment portal, please contact the court directly. 13-907 DOES NOT REMOVE the conviction from the public record. With the information available to date, it is impossible to estimate the percentage of each one of these categories in the total Securitate network. 10, no. [8] These decisions did not apply to documents on informers who were not party members, whose ties to the political police were not so well guarded. 9] Oprea, Banalitatea raului, pp. Telling a simple joke that mocked Ceausescu or his wife Elena became a good enough reason for Securitate to start monitoring an individual. Arrest warrants search: Agua Fria: (602) 372-8001 Arcadia Biltmore: (602) 372-6300 Arrowhead: (602) 372-2000 Deletant cited Virgil Magureanu, the first director of the Romanian Information Service, who claimed that on 22 December 1989, the Securitate totaled 14,259 military cadres, including 8,159 officers, 5,105 warrant and non-commissioned officers and 984 civilian personnel. Dosar & jurnal din anii tirzii ai dictaturii (At Home We Speak Quietly. Reading the Securitate files today cannot be done without contextualizing the information and remembering the wooden language the communist regimes used to give a veneer of legitimacy to their most atrocious human rights violations. In a series of recent articles, this author (2000, 2002 and 2004) detailed the political negotiations preceding the adoption of legislation that gave Romanians access to a limited number of Securitate files, the provisions of the so-called "Ticu law," and the factors explaining Romania's delayed transitional justice process. Securitate agents were instructed to cease collaboration with individuals with criminal record, individuals who did not collaborate loyally and individuals who made their ties to the political police known, but when and how collaboration was terminated depended on the agent more than the informer. Set up in March 1990 through an unpublished presidential decree, the Information Service inherited the Securitate archive, buildings, assets and technical equipment, and a number of agents and informers. I am the author of Leaders and Laggards: Governance, Civicness and Ethnicity in Post-Communist Romania (Boulder: East European Monographs, 2003), and the editor of Romania in Transition (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1997). Fifteen years after the collapse of President Nicolae Ceausescu's sultanism-cum-totalitarianism, there are only a handful of English-language books and articles detailing the activity of the notorious Securitate, the Romanian communist secret political police, the panoply of repressive methods it employed, and the archive of documents it diligently produced. In 1999, the Romanian Parliament decided that only a fraction of the extant archive could become available to the public, on condition that it did not relate to issues of national security, a term legislators failed to define clearly. It is a story worth telling. 49, no. 45 (1998). [19], Case files (dosare de problema) gathered information on target groups, not individuals, the political police viewed as important or problematic from an intelligence viewpoint. Informers were contacted by the agent or resident at least once a month, and were instructed on ways to pass urgent information to the political police between the meetings by way of conspiratorial addresses, hidden places, postal boxes or codes for sending data in writing or by phone (Article 27). All factual and interpretation errors are mine. Lavinia Stan received her PhD from the University of Toronto, and then joined the Department of Political Science at St. Francis Xavier University in Nova Scotia, where she heads the Center for Post-Communist Studies. On 11 February 1948 there were 3,549 employees, of whom 64 percent were workers, 4 percent peasants, 2 percent intellectuals and 28 percent clerks. Fax your request to: 602-594-7171. Probably aware of Ditas unsuccessful attempt to burn the files completely, former Securitate agent Bordeianu believed that throwing the documents in the Berevoesti forest ravine and covering them with dirt was a better destruction method. After the collapse of the communist regime, several new and old institutions became Securitate archive custodians. In 1998, Romanian Information Service deputy director Mircea Gheordunescu declared that by 1974 some 230,000 files and attached folders of party members had been destroyed. That night I was taken out in the car, and on Olari street they took my tin glasses off. Get Criminal Court Case Information: Case Information | Court Calendar | Minute Entries Availability: Due to auditing that occurs up to 24 hours after information is added to the docket, some entry modifications may occur. The attached folders, which reportedly were no longer microfiched, were to be destroyed five years after an informer file entered the archive. 26] Pintilie reported a total of 270,000 destroyed files. Tanase was placed under surveillance shortly after the publication of his first novel The Luxury of Melancholy. Bureau of Internal Oversight; Melendres Compliance Corner; Victim Services Among the case files the National Council received from the Information Service were the files on "Arts and Culture" (detailing the activities and political positions of writers and artists, 78 volumes of 26,972 pages), "Bourgeois Political Parties" (on the inter-war Liberal and Peasant Parties, 177 volumes), "Anticommunist Resistance Movement" (on the resistance groups that remained active in mountainous areas during the first decade of communism, 300 volumes), "Eterul" and "Melita" (code names for the Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 55 volumes), Central Press (19 volumes), Religious Cults and Sects (on religious life under communism, 56 volumes), Transcendental Meditation (on the 1980s spiritual movement, 4 volumes), and Cooperativization of Agriculture (on the transformation of pre-communist private farms into large cooperatives, 31 volumes).[21]. The inoperative collection (fondul neoperativ) received the personnel files of Securitate, army and militia retired and reserve officers at all ranks and civilian personnel, payroll records, administrative and secretarial memos, as well as other materials without operative value. Acasa se vorbeste in soapta. His last report was dated 20 December, just two days before Ceausescu fled Bucharest in a panic, and disclosed in detail Tanases plans to hide with friends for several days for the political police not to find and arrest him.[41]. Dr. Hernandez will replace Interim President Dr. Ernie Lara, who assumed the role on October 4, 2022. For foreign citizens who want to live permanently in the United States. By March 2004, only 37 individuals had asked for manuscripts, receiving a total of around 50,000 pages. 37, no. 30 Apr 2023 19:34:37 While all these English-language authors have talked about the role of the political police and its archive in the communist political system of terror, none has drawn an exact picture of the contents of this elusive collection of documents, mostly because few had direct access to the archive and because the information on specific Securitate documents that surfaced to date in Romania has been some times contradictory and other times inexact and unequal. Residents were trusted individuals who, under the supervision of the Securitate officer, maintained regular and secret contact with up to 30 supporting individuals in order to collect information from them and transmit it to the officer (Article 44). We don't ask anything for free, you'll be rewarded. 3-4 (2001), p. 122. 22] Evidenta retelei informative a aparatului de securitate, Sfera politicii no. Crime rate relative to county average in Bucharest 2021, by district. Part of the information in the files could be recovered by piecing together the notes, reports and analyses the deceased submitted and the Securitate collected in victims files. You'll be promoted, even up to the position of director general. During the last 15 years, the Information Service gave several tens of thousands of Securitate files of no operative value to the Ministries of Justice, Public Affairs, Interior and National Defense, the Communist Party Central Committee Archive and the National Archives, and reaffirmed its willingness to offer the National Council 12 of the 20 kilometers of Securitate archive it housed. Copies of information notes were included in the files of the victims they referred to, so a good part of destroyed attached folders could be reconstituted. O istorie a Securitatii in documente 1949-1989 (Bucharest: Polirom, 2002), Marius Oprea, ed., Securistii partidului. For some readers the very existence of a trail of documents testifies to the fact that the political police was a law-abiding structure that sought to be productive, efficient, and correct. For more information about the eAccess portal please visit: https://www.azcourts.gov/eaccess. In 2021, District 5 in Bucharest recorded the lowest crime rate . Safety & Security Messages for U.S. visitors to Romania. The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) allows citizens of participating countries* to travel to the United States without a visa for stays of 90 days or less, when they meet all requirements. Equally varied were the reasons why informers ceased their activity, besides death or illegal emigration. Contact the respective county clerk of State Attorney's Office for more information.
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