[14] The names of the monkeys began with sequential letters of the Russian alphabet (, , , , , , , , ). The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first manmade object to orbit the earth, on October 4, 1957, to . The balloon flew for 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) and landed safely. Overall, thirty-two non-human primates flew in the space program; none flew more than once. [11], Spacelab 3 on the Space Shuttle flight STS-51-B featured two squirrel monkeys named No. In 1951, the Air Force finally managed to keep a monkey this one named Albert VI alive through both launch and landing. A mouse was launched into space on 15 August 1950 but did not survive the return journey. [26], On January 28, 2013, AFP and Sky News reported that Iran had sent a monkey in a "Pishgam" rocket to a height of 72 miles (116km) and retrieved "shipment". On November 3rd, 1957, Sputnik 2 blasted into Earth orbit with a dog named Laika aboard. 1949: Albert II, a rhesus monkey, is sent into space on a US-launched V2 rocket. That was what scientists wanted to find out when they sent Anita and Arabella, two cross spiders into space on Skylab 3, July 28, 1973. Able died from the effects of anesthesia given for removal of electrodes implanted for the historic mission. Miss Sam, another rhesus monkey and Sam's mate, was launched on January 21, 1960, for another test of the LES. They cannot be abusive or personal. However, Able died June 1 on the operating table from effects of anesthesia, as doctors were about to remove an electrode from under her skin. The monkeys were unveiled in the same room where NASA had first introduced Alan Shepard, John Glenn and the other Mercury 7 astronauts as their first human candidates for spaceflight just a month before. The first successful Zond ("probe") launch was on September 15, 1968, when Zond 5 was launched. More than 300 people attended Baker's funeral service when she died of kidney failure in 1984, Buckbee says. The original flight plan called for an altitude of 115 miles and speeds ranging up to 4400 mph. After the news conference, the monkeys' caretakers noticed that one of Able's three electrode sites seemed to be infected. It would be so great if we could know what those rabbits were thinking as they took off. These animals performed a service to their respective countries that no human could or would have performed, says NASAs history of animals in spaceflight webpage. The second try at launch with a backup mouse crew was halted when the humidity sensor in the capsule indicated 100-percent humidity. Sadly, Laika died during the mission. Soviet technician working on Sputnik 1, 1957. Sadly, Dezik died on a second flight attempt in September of that year. On September 21, 1968, the reentry capsule entered the earth's atmosphere, braked aerodynamically, and deployed parachutes at 7 km. The monkeys appeared on the cover of Life magazine, and at a press conference, news correspondents "pushed each other and clambered over chairs to get closer," reported The New York Times. On board was a single, male, pig-tailed monkey (Macaca nemestrina) named Bonnie, weighing 6 kg, for a planned 30-day mission. We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer) as we strive to provide site experiences for browsers that support new web standards and security practices. Baker survived a similar operation and lived until 1984. The pair, who were weightless for nine minutes, were monitored throughout the flight for changes in their heart beats, muscular reaction, pulse velocity, body temperature and rate of breathing. Able is extricated from the nose cone after it was recovered from the ocean. Rodents on the spacecraft will spend a month experiencing spaceflight conditions. They were successfully retrieved. 1959: Monkeys survive space mission Two monkeys have become the first living creatures to survive a space flight. On 28 May 1959, aboard Jupiter IRBM AM-18, were a 3 kg (7 lb) American-born rhesus monkey, Able, from Independence, Kansas, and a 310 g (11 oz) squirrel monkey from Peru, Baker. During a news conference held after the two monkeys survived their flight, on June 1, 1959, journalists meet Baker, on the left, and Able, on the right. Also on this flight were two white mice, Mildred and Albert. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: [email protected]. Dubbed Able and Baker, they became the first primates to survive spaceflight during a suborbital predawn flight on May 28, 1959. Get unlimited access for as low as $1.99/month, Out of the six chimps, NASA and an Air Force veterinarian ultimately selected Ham, then known as No. For more information on animal visitors to outer space, you may be interested in the following sites: Tara Gray, Author, 1998
Biological payloads have also flown on NASAs Space Shuttle and the space stations of both Russia and America.From 1966 to 1996, Russia launched a series of 11 Bion satellites. She eventually died of kidney failure in 1984 and her funeral service was attended by hundreds of people. + ExpectMore.gov. She returned a day later and the test flight resumed successfully. [9], Goliath, a squirrel monkey, died in the explosion of his Atlas rocket on November 10, 1961. Enos became the first chimp to orbit the earth on November 29, 1961, aboard a Mercury Atlas . STS-51-B (Spacelab-3) launched April 29, 1985. Yorick, also called Albert VI, along with 11 mouse crewmates, reached 236,000ft (72km, 44.7mi) and survived the landing, on September 20, 1951, the first monkey to do so (the dogs Dezik and Tsygan had survived a trip to space in July of that year), although he died two hours later. Monkeys and non-human apes from several species were used, including rhesus macaque, crab-eating macaque, squirrel monkeys, pig-tailed macaques, and chimpanzees. Research partners have included Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, the European Space Agency, France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Ukraine, and the United States. Although they were still used in tests dealing with long-range health effects in space, tissue development, and mating in a zero-g environment, etc., animals no longer made the front pages. Their survival made them instant celebrities, although spaceflight was not the most dramatic part of their stories. Arabella successfully spun a web with one key difference from spider webs on earth: it was symmetrical even though the thread thickness varied. In the Soviet Union, meanwhile, testing was also taking place on more dogs. 28 May 1959: Able and Baker, the monkey duo. Although the little buggers didnt quite make it into orbit, they did reach space, as the U.S. Air Force defines it: at least 50 miles up. On January 31, 1961, HAM the Chimpanzee (short for Holoman Aerospace Medical Center) became that first chimp in space (shown), just three months before Alan Shepard became the first American human in space. For over a decade, all monkey flights failed for one reason or another, Dubbs says. NASA has dropped out of participation in a planned Bion 12 mission. One monkey also suffered weight loss when he went without food for three days. Humans as we are, we sent up animals first, and let them do our work. As far as his mission was concerned, Ham successfully pulled his lever at the proper time, performing only a tad slower than he had during practice runs on Earth. Able Baker perfect. From 2010 to 2016, Karl worked as an infographics specialist across all editorial properties of Purch (formerly known as TechMediaNetwork). Long before Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin famously set foot on the moon, the hero of Americas human spaceflight program was a chimpanzee named Ham. Miss Baker, a squirrel monkey, is tucked inside her capsule and ready to launch into space aboard a Jupiter missile. She traveled into space on May 28, 1959, along with Able, an American-born rhesus monkey. Since you are already here then chances are that you are looking for the Daily Themed Crossword Solutions. We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. To study this question, an artificial source of radiation (Strontium 85) was supplied to a group of experiments mounted in the forward part of the spacecraft. Encyclopaedia Britannica/Uig/Shutterstock, Sovfoto/Universal Images Group/Shutterstock, We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer), 13 more things you never knew about space travel, 24 astronomy facts they dont teach you in school, 11 more of the other most heroic dogs throughout history, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, 14 more of the most amazing spider webs ever seen, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Chicago | 711 views, 15 likes, 11 loves, 66 comments, 17 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Archbishop William Hudson III: The Powerhouse Chicago Noonday. hide caption. On May 28, 1959, two monkeys Able and Baker became the first in their species to complete a successful round trip to space. After their spaceflight, Able and Baker were fished out of the Caribbean by the U.S.S. Other animals on board the Korabl-Sputnik included mice, a dog named Chernushka, and a guinea pig, according to NASA. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Dogs were chosen over monkeys because it was felt that they would be less fidgety in flight. Here you can find the answer for Monkey Who Became The First To Return To Earth Successfully In 1959 from Daily Themed Crossword Pet, Set, Go! Of these early space-bound hounds, a few have been remembered by name. The rocket launched from Florida early in the morning of May 28, 1959. America's first attempt to send up a monkey was in 1948. 1.8K views, 91 likes, 68 loves, 461 comments, 162 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Stop the Rot Sack the Lot: Live chat with Guru and Cazz Enos landed in the recovery area and was picked up 75 minutes after splashdown. Well have to settle instead for these 50 secrets your pet wont tell you. Children read about her in textbooks and wanted to say hello. Able as photographed during the news conference held to announce the monkeys' safe mission. It was the first Monkey Island game by the series' creator, Ron . He had been captured by trappers in the French Cameroons and taken to the Miami Rare Bird Farm in Florida. Pre-flight and post-flight photos clearly showed different monkeys. [citation needed], On December 13, 1958, Gordo, also called Old Reliable, a squirrel monkey, survived being launched aboard Jupiter AM-13 by the US Army. His flight reached 134km (83mi) past the Krmn line of 100km which designates the beginning of space.[4]. The Woolly Mammoth Meatball Could Kick Off a Trend of Eating Extinct Meats. Meghan earned an MA in science journalism from New York University and a BA in classics from Georgetown University, and in her free time she enjoys reading and visiting museums. And, unlike many other unfortunate primates in the spaceflight program, Ham survived his mission and went on to have a long life. On May 28, 1959, the spaceship was launched with a seven pounds American-born rhesus-monkey called Able and an 11-ounce squirrel monkey called Baker. Although not all the mission objectives were accomplished, the Biosatellite I experience provided technical confidence in the program because of excellent performance in most other areas. On December 8, Albert IV, the second mammal in space, flew on the last monkey V-2 flight and died on impact after another parachute failure[2] after reaching 130.6 km. It might seem simple enough now for us as we know about the International Space Station a habitable artificial satellite in low earth orbit but back then it was a question of life and death. Can spiders weave webs in space? [7] The names "Sam" and "Ham" were acronyms. Smelaya ran off the day before the launch. For anyone whos witnessed the persistence of fruit flies, it wont be surprising to learn they were alive upon their return. The only damage they appeared to suffer was from ultraviolet radiation. The first monkeys to survive a trip to and from space were Able, a rhesus monkey from Kansas, and Baker (pictured), a squirrel monkey from Peru. You could not get near her.". She traveled into space on May 28, 1959, along with Able, an American-born rhesus monkey. Ham's mission paved the way for the successful launch of America's first human astronaut, Alan B. Shepard, Jr., on May 5, 1961. It carried a biological payload similar to Biosatellite I. They travelled in excess of 16,000 km/h, and withstood 38 g (373 m/s 2 ). Because the rhesus monkey is revered by some in India, U.S. officials stressed that Able had been born not in India, but in Independence, Kan. The monkeys' missile blasted off in the early morning hours from Cape Canaveral and traveled 1,700 miles in 16 minutes, reaching an altitude of about 360 miles. Sam was named in homage to the School of Aerospace Medicine at Brooks Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas, and the name "Ham" was taken from Holloman Aerospace Medicine at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. Able was a rhesus monkey. A subsequent post mortem examination revealed she had suffered no adverse effects from her flight into space. Subscribe to get the Daily Themed Crossword Answers straight into your inbox absolutely FREE! "And then they started sending monkeys.". The two dogs reached 100 kilometers and returned successfully. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). Poor Albert suffocated before he reached space. If they performed the task, they got a tiny banana treat. On December 12, 1949, the last V-2 monkey flight was launched at White Sands. The first primate to survive the trip into space, and to continue to live afterwards, was Miss Baker in 1959. The monkeys survived 32 times the pull of Earths gravity and were weightless for 9 minutes out of their 16-minute flight.A July 2, 1959, Soviet launch carried two dogs and the firstrabbit into space.The Soviet Sputnik 5 (Aug. 19, 1960) was the first to return animals alive from orbit. 1959 January: Luna 1 launches from the Soviet Union. The fourth test launch was a failure, with two dog fatalities. ", It added: "In the name of humanity we beg of you to drop these vile experiments. On May 28, 1959, a Jupiter rocket blasted off carrying a rhesus monkey named Miss Able and a squirrel monkey named Miss Baker.After a 16 minute flight (nine of them weightless), the monkeys' capsule returned to Earth and the two were recovered in "perfect health," the first primates to have survived such a journey. On January 31, 1961, Ham flew a suborbital flight on the Mercury-Redstone 2 mission, part of the U.S. space program's Project Mercury. France launched two monkey-carrying flights in 1967. In early September 1951, Dezik and Lisa were launched. Before Yuri On September 20, 1951, a monkey named Yorick and 11 mice were recovered after an Aerobee missile flight of 236,000 feet at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. Goliath, a one-and-a-half-pound squirrel monkey, was launched in an Air Force Atlas E rocket on November 10, 1961. Able, the other monkey sent to space with her, died after the trip on the operating . On September 18, 1968, the spacecraft flew around the Moon. Four black mice were launched on June 3, 1959, on Discoverer 3, part of the Corona program of U.S. spy satellites, which was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on a Thor Agena A rocket. He and his crew at first thought it had sunk. Enos died at Holloman Air Force Base of a non-space related case of dysentery 11 months after his flight. Able was a rhesus monkey, and Baker was a much smaller squirrel monkey. The American Embassy in London received protests from the League Against Cruel Sports and the Conference of Anti-Vivisection Societies, which is made up of 29 animal welfare groups. The SPURT (Small Primate Unrestrained Test) monkey was killed when the rocket was destroyed 35 seconds after launch from Cape Canaveral. When they returned from space, Able and Baker were as sought after as, if not more, any of the popular celebrities. The flies reached an altitude of 68 miles (108 km) and were recovered alive by parachute.Albert II became the first monkey in space on June 4, 1949. Daily Themed Crossword Introducing Minis Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Celebrating Women Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Around the World Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Culture Vulture Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Easy Peasy Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Halloween Minis Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Happy Holidays Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Mini Masters Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Musical Minis Answers, Daily Themd Crossword Musical Mondays Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Retro Saturdays Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Bibliophiles Minis Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Etched In Wax Answers, Daily Themed Crossword Pet Set Go! Throughout the flight, the vital signs of Able and Baker were monitored. Sadly, Able died just days after returning to Earth due to complications from a medical procedure. crossword clue, Hao-ching and Latisha ___ tennis-playing siblings who have won 4 WTA titles as a pair crossword clue. By the early 1960s, the U.S. was ready for its first real human spaceflight program, Project Mercury. Fourteen mice were lost when the Jupiter rocket they were aboard was destroyed after launch from Cape Canaveral on September 16, 1959. Two other monkeys, Albert III and IV, also died when their rockets failed.A mouse launched on Aug. 15, 1950, attained an altitude of 85 miles (137 km), but died when the rocket disintegrated due to parachute failure. even shaking the commanders hand. Lack of fanfare and documentation made Albert an unsung hero of animal astronauts. Gordo, a squirrel monkey, was catapulted 600 miles high in a Jupiter rocket, also on December 13, 1958, one year after the Soviets launched Laika. However, due to technical problems, the spacecraft carrying Ham reached an altitude of 157 miles and a speed of 5857 mph and landed 422 miles downrange rather than the anticipated 290 miles. 384-80. On June 11, 1948, a V-2 Blossom launched into space from White Sands, New Mexico carrying Albert I, a rhesus monkey. He was found to be in good overall condition and both he and the Mercury spacecraft performed well. Site design by NASA HQ Printing & Design
The first try at launch was scrubbed after the telemetry indicated no sign of activity in the capsule and the first crew of four black mice was found dead. Another monkey died on impact when its parachute failed. After another parachute failure, a monkey plummeted into the sea and was never recovered. Beyond their genetic similarities to humans, chimps are also incredibly smart and have complex emotions. They were inside a slowly rotating drum where they could "float" during the period of weightlessness. NASA Rover Stuck In Flourlike Martian Soil, New Telescope To Hunt For Earth-Like Planets. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. When we looked at Charles Lindberghs successful solo flight, we did learn that there were a number of deaths and grievous injuries to those who attempted the feat before him. The first animals in outer space were fruit flies launched in a captured Nazi V-2 rocket on Feb. 20, 1947. Seven of fifteen tadpoles onboard died as a result of the high temperatures. Yorick got a fair amount of press as the first monkey to live through a space flight. Her stuffed body is on display at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum. However, in the same month, the fifth test launch of two dogs was successful. The SPURT (Small Primate Unrestrained Test) monkey was killed when the rocket was destroyed 35 seconds after launch from Cape Canaveral. Chief among their targets, as we approached the late 1950s, was getting humans to space. The year 1968 saw the U.S.S.R. turn once again to the animal kingdom for the first passengers of their new, manned moon ship. On February 20, 1947, the United States sent fruit flies, the first animals into space to test the effects of radiation on DNA, blasting them off from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. Guion says he was floored to see how tiny Baker's capsule was. But he too didnt survive the mission as his parachute failed to deploy on the return. More mice were launched throughout the 1950s, but it took until August 19, 1960, before mice42 of them, in fact, and two ratssurvived a trip to and from space. The first monkeys to survive the spaceflight were Able and Baker who were sent to space aboard the Jupiter-IRBM AM-18. The Navy vessel USS Kiowa held the task of retrieving the monkeys and even though they initially believed the nose cone had sunk, they were then able to locate it and get it on board. Can Elephants Learn By Observing and Imitating Others? They gave their lives and/or their service in the name of technological advancement, paving the way for humanitys many forays into space., There are More Than 85,000 Volcanoes on Venus, Hubble Captures Aftermath of DART Spacecraft Slamming into Asteroid, How the Heat of Reentry Helps Spacecrafts Return to Earth. He was chosen just before his flight because he seemed particularly feisty and in good humor, according to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Basing their experiments on American biomedical research, Soviet rocket pioneer Sergei Korolev, his biomedical expert Vladimir Yazdovsky, and a small team used mice, rats and rabbits as one-way passengers for their initial tests. On March 9, 1961, another Russian dog, Chernushka ("Blackie") was launched on Sputnik 9 or Korabl Sputnik 4. If they failed, they got a small electric shock to their feet. And so a pair of mismatched monkeys found themselves bundled up and placed in a Jupiter missile. This was the first multi-day monkey flight but came after longer human spaceflights were common. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. A post-flight medical examination found Ham to be slightly fatigued and dehydrated, but in good shape otherwise. Ham was brought from the French Camaroons, West Africa, where he was born July 1957, to Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico in 1959. Incredibly, 32 monkeys and apes have been to space, including the rhesus macaque, pig-tailed monkey, cynomolgus monkey, squirrel-tailed monkey and chimpanzee. On September 16, 1949, Albert III died below the Krmn line, at 35,000 feet (10.7km), in an explosion of his V2. The first dogs to go up into space were Tsygan and Dezik, launched August 15, 1951, from the Soviet Union. No images of the recovered capsule appeared in the press, leading to the widespread inference that the flight ended in failure. August 2, 2004, + USA.gov Zond 6 flew a similar trajectory later that year, but the biological specimens were killed by a malfunction on the return trip.In the late 1960s, NASA launched a series of Biosatellites carrying insects, frog eggs, microorganisms and plants. She covers life and style, popular culture, law, religion, health, fitness, yoga, entertaining and entertainment. His spacecraft left a 10-foot-wide crater in the New Mexico desert. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). If we havent posted todays date yet make sure to bookmark our page and come back later because we are in different timezone and that is the reason why but dont worry we never skip a day because we are very addicted with Daily Themed Crossword. The first Bion launch was Kosmos 605 launched on October 31, 1973. The Soviet Union and Russia launched monkeys between 1983 and 1996. These animals performed a service to their respective countries that no human could or would have performed, says NASAs, history of animals in spaceflight webpage, . Unfortunately, on his journey home, Albert II died when the capsules parachute failed. Though both monkeys survived the flight in good condition, Able died four days later due to complications during surgery according to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. The third and final Biosatellite carried a pig-tailed monkey. Lauren is also an author of crime fiction, and her first full-length manuscript, "The Trust Game," was short-listed for the 2017 CLUE Award for emerging talent in the genre of suspense fiction. STS-42 (International Microgravity Laboratory-1 IML-1) launched January 22, 1992. Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. Their names were taken from the 19431955 US military phonetic alphabet. One of the two dogs, Bobik, escaped and a replacement was found near the local canteen. All made it home alive. Kiowa. NY 10036. Kiowa confirmed the two monkeys were healthy, personnel telegraphed the news back to land. Before and after pictures of space-travelling simian appear to show different animals Middle East World", "Let's get the facts straight about Iran's space monkey | World news", "International News | World News ABC News", "BBC News Iran 'sends monkey to space for second time', NPR article on the 50th anniversary of Able and Baker's flight, A humorous look at monkey astronaut names, Argentina and the Conquest of Space (Spanish), Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monkeys_and_apes_in_space&oldid=1151514872, Artifacts in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, Articles with dead external links from June 2021, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The first monkeys launched by Soviet space program, Abrek and Bion, flew on, Lapik and Multik were the last monkeys in space until, This page was last edited on 24 April 2023, at 14:59. Before humans went into space in the 1960s, several other animals were launched into space, including numerous other primates, so that scientists could investigate the biological effects of spaceflight. [6], Chimpanzees Ham and Enos also flew in the Mercury program, with Ham becoming the first great ape or Hominidae in space. Lauren Cahn is a New Yorkbased writer whose work has appeared regularly on Reader's Digest and in a variety of other publications since 2008. On 3 November 1957 the Russians sent a dog Laika, which was mostly Siberian husky, into orbit. However, after just under nine days in orbit, the mission was terminated because of the subject's deteriorating health. He died on impact . (Credit: NASA), Ham the astrochimp wears his spacesuit complete with NASA meatball logo prior to his 1961 test flight into space. It was a successful flight, with no ill effects on the monkey until impact, when it died. Life-science Spacelab missions have included experiments involving the human astronauts as well as the animals and insects carried on these missions. Although it reached a higher altitude than its predecessor, it was lost after the capsule's parachute failed. She was a mutt, given the name ZIB, the Russian acronym for "Substitute for Missing Dog Bobik." Since you are already here then chances are that you are looking for the Daily Themed Crossword Solutions. It ascended perhaps up to 82 kilometers and then was recovered successfully. Ham proved that mankind could live and work in space, reads his grave marker in New Mexico. The Soviets and the Americans slugged it out against each other as they made their intent to be at the forefront of the field clear for one and all. Improvements were made in hardware, prelaunch tests, and procedures before Biosatellite II was launched on September 7, 1967 from Cape Kennedy. Goliath, a one-and-a-half-pound squirrel monkey, was launched in an Air Force Atlas E rocket on November 10, 1961. The range of species broadened to include rabbits, turtles, insects, spiders, fish, jellyfish, amoebae, and algae. Well never know what Ham was thinking during his six and a half minutes of weightlessness. The Soviets kept close tabs on what the U.S. was doing with their V-2 and Aerobee missile projects during the early 1950's. On August 19, 1960, Belka ("Squirrel") and Strelka ("Little Arrow") were launched on Sputnik 5 or Korabl Sputnik 2, along with a gray rabbit, 40 mice, 2 rats, and 15 flasks of fruit flies and plants. These animals played a major role in all the space advances that we see around us now. The cat, named Flicette, was successfully retrieved after a parachute descent, but a second feline flight on October 24 ran into difficulties that prevented recovery. Dont miss these UFO myths scientists wish you would stop believing. Shortly afterwards, Alan Shepard became the first American in space with a sub-orbital flight lasting 15 minutes. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, American and Russian scientists utilized animals - mainly monkeys, chimps and dogs - in order to test each country's ability to launch a living organism into space and bring it back alive and unharmed. 2 A rhesus monkey Sam preparing for his flight on the United .
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