Band B. There is no God or gods in some forms of Buddhism. C. a resistance method practiced in small-scale societies. B. E. Women never take part in hunting. A. Learn a new word every day. E. is higher in Yanomami society than it is among the Betsileo of Madagascar. A feeling of camraderie among participants in ritual processes is known as: Communitas. C. maladaptive, since smaller families would have fewer expenses. D. some cultures have replaced it with the levirate. At the beginning of the ceremony, as separation begins, the girl lies down and her family straightens her limbs and helps dress her and prepare her for the transition. D. women generally are less restricted than men are with respect to premarital and extramarital sex. E. negative reciprocity. Liminal The rite of intensification is designed to dramatize and reaffirm the social network of a culture. Kottak argues that the relatively high incidence of expanded family households among poorer North Americans is A. the result of a patrilocal residence pattern. Anthropologists view sexual orientation as learned, malleable, and culturally constructed. A. Divorce is more common now than it was a century ago. Band and clan B. Lineage and nuclear family C. Extended family and clan. A. Second wives are not protected by the law as their marriages are not legal. D. They live in marginal environments. Men control the prestige hierarchy. B. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. A. E. the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy contributes to reduced gender inequality. Band. C. Mens hunting activities are more important than womens gathering. Quiz 11 Anthropology Flashcards | Quizlet The status of women is much lower than it is among northern foragers like the Inuit. There are many societies in which women control all the strategic resources and engage in the most prestigious activities. D. The separation of workers from the things they produce. B. B. Chiefdoms lack socioeconomic stratification and stratum endogamy. The rite of intensification is designed to dramatize and reaffirm the social network of a culture. He was traveling with his wife, and no one would talk to a woman. They formerly used shells for money but now use coins. Actions designed to bring a community together, often following a period of crisis. Which of the following statements about gender differences among tropical and semitropical foragers is true? C. a strongly developed public-domestic dichotomy. 10 million years ago. A. hard work. Often, the individual will be dressed in uniform, unmarked clothing and follow behaviors associated with humility and anonymity in their culture. A. Which would be considered a rite of intensification? E. increased intervillage warfare. A corporation that owns businesses in more than one nation. A. D. male control of prestige goods. Not all rites of passage are religious. A. Chapter 5 Flashcards | Quizlet B. What term refers to the practice of marrying a person outside of the group to which one belongs? Which of the following statements about Etoro conceptions of heterosexual intercourse is not true? Biological differences between males and females, other than contrasts in breasts and genitals, is known as A. sex. There is also an expectation of total obedience during the change of status, as the individual depends on ritual leaders (gatekeepers) to teach, coach, and mentor them through the passage. 10.4: Elements of Religion - Rules and Rituals is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. came up with the three phases of a rite of passage. D. It was an important causal factor in the origin of the state. Sometimes the helpers stand face-to-face or bend over the individual seeking help. A. European immigration around 1900 B. A status that a person chooses C. A status that a person earns, as when a successful law student becomes a lawyer, D. A position of dominance in a society E. A status based on standardized test scores, What is the term for a social status based on talents, actions, efforts, choices, and accomplishments? consent of Rice University. Kottak Chapter 9 Flashcards | Quizlet All rites of revitalization originate in difficult or even catastrophic circumstances. Which of the following statements about the domestic-public dichotomy is true? The more substantial the joint property, the more complicated the divorce. B. deforestation. B. Womens work usually contributes more to the diet than does mens work; consequently, there is less gender stratification. Redistribution C. Generalized reciprocity, A big mans position depends on all of the following except. A. women are the primary producers of subsistence crops. - ex 1. drivers ed to get driving permit. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one that's only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. A large amount of anthropological research has focused on identifying and interpreting religious rituals in a wide variety of communities. E. It reduces the gene pool of a community. To accomplish this, men from the community construct wooden towers sixty to eighty feet high, tie ropes made from tree vines around their ankles, and jump head-first toward the ground (Figure 5). D. Sexual orientation is genetically predetermined, and culture plays no role in its expression. In the separation stage, the boys leave their homes and are circumcised; they cannot express distress or signs of pain during the procedure. Ch 15 Flashcards | Chegg.com Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true? Unlike rites of intensification and many rites of passage, rites of affliction are usually non-calendrical and unplanned. Verified answer. belief in a single all-powerful deity. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. 1. The term big man refers to the liminal state that a Kapauku youth enters before marriage, during which he accumulates wealth in order to fund the wedding and pay the brideprice. The single person who takes on the roles of priest, counselor, and physician and acts as a conduit to the supernatural world in a shamanist culture. Find the percentage. Among the most common broad types of religious ritual, though, are rites of intensification, rites of passage, and rites of affliction. E. Changes in the gender roles of men and women are usually associated with social decay and anarchy. D. descent groups include only the children of the groups men. They primarily fish for subsistence. Liminal rituals are transportation performances. The 1909 book "Rites of Passage" was written by: Arnold Van Gennep. An offering is: a. an economic exchange designed to influence the supernatural Band B. E. the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy contributes to reduced gender inequality. none of the answers provided are a rite of intensification. One particularly dramatic example of this ritual is the Nagol land diving ceremony held each spring on the island of Pentecost in Vanuatu in the South Pacific. A. D. civil strife. B) arbitrators' decisions are usually advisory and not considered final. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! It is not unusual in state religions for these rites to create unity among believers across cultures and nation-states. What term refers to the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to the sexes? - sporting events - commemorative services--> intensify sense of nationhood. Colonized cultures underwent radical alteration. An MNC is. ANTH 111 Quiz 7-10 Flashcards | Quizlet A postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture and international mercantilism B. In matrilineal societies A. daughters become lifetime members of their mothers group, but sons belong to their fathers group. Which of the following is the most common religious specialist? Rite of passage imprints the change in a persons social status, such as a marriage certificate. It is found only among mining communities in Madagascar. A. Missionaries lived with the Yanomami for 50 years, providing health care. E. the reason welfare in the United States is ineffective. a separation from the old identity; typically there is a symbolic behavior signifying the detachment of the individual from the old identity. When the participants return to their community, the incorporation phase, they are recognized as men and allowed to learn the secret stories of the community.[42]. Anthro 103 Flashcards | Quizlet E. Too many men are being left without wives. According to Kottak, which of the following contributed to the emergence of the American notion that a womans place is in the home? The liminal period that follows is a time in which individuals often undergo tests, trials, or activities designed to prepare them for their new social roles. E. result in ever-widening kinship networks. Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is not true? D. The Qashqai authority structure was more complex and hierarchical than that of the Basseri. D. Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states. Salat involves praying in the direction of the holy city of Mecca at dawn, noon, midafternoon, sunset, and evening every day, regardless of where the believer is located or even what they are doing. The first stage of a rite of passage in which the individual withdraws, or is removed from, ordinary society. A. In general, the status of women A. rises as dependence on food production intensifies. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Rite of intensification. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rite%20of%20intensification. B. inheritance of land and prestige through female lines. D. They formerly relied on the national government for cash payouts but are now self- sufficient. Rituals, also called rites, are performative acts by which we carry out our religious beliefs, public and private. C. They formerly felt they had everything they needed, but now many people desire cash. One notable example is a ritual that developed on the island of Tanna in the South Pacific. Demon. Current investigation has gathered the following data. B. As sociologist mile Durkheim noted, they follow a formal order or sequence, called a liturgical order; are performed in a place that is set apart and sacred during the time of the performance; and are inherently social. The Venezuelan president expelled the missionaries from the Venezuelan Amazon. D. Strong differentiation between the home and the outside world. B. . Behavior that violates the commandments brings both social disapproval from other members of the religious community and potential punishment from God. A. Rules of endogamy A. prove that the incest taboo is not a cultural universal. B. an unconscious protest against stressful and exploitive working conditions. In these acts, the religious community pools its spiritual and social resources and encourages the afflicted membera powerful antidote to illness no matter the faith tradition. The gender roles of men and women are largely determined by their biological capabilities relative strength, endurance, intelligence, etc. D. They were afraid that if he took pictures of them, it would capture their souls. E. are headed by grandparents. C. the market principle. D. They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. A. are patrifocal. Which of the following is not culturally constructed? a sacred impersonal force existing in the universe, residing in people, plants, animals, and objects. Family of procreation B. Legal. C. It was permitted only about 100 days a year. o A type of ideological ritual that functions to reinforce the belief system and the values of the society o Performed as a periodic ritual or an occasional ritual in times of stress. Tribe, What is a big man? D.close exposure to the heat of a fire. D. the result of bifurcate merging, a practice brought to the United States by Scotch-Irish immigrants during the early part of the 20th century. E. Most economic activity takes place far from home. D. Most nonindustrial economies are strictly regulated by a government. Attempts to resolve serious problems, such as war, famine or poverty through spiritual or supernatural intervention. They foster social solidarity and identity within a community of believers (this a focus of Durkheims). Step over them seven times to ward off evil spirits. A. an example of the interrelatedness of religion and economy. In the final stage of incorporation, individuals return to the community with a new socially recognized status. This stressful time helps to build bonds between the boys that will follow them through their lives as adult men. A. In a wedding ceremony in the United States, the white color of the wedding dress is a traditional symbol of purity. B. Which of the following societies has village heads? A. Question 1 (1 point) According to Rosenberg which of the following (credit: Grace Cathedral Labyrinth by Jay Galvin/flickr, CC BY 2.0), An Islamic congregation practices a rite of intensification called, The hajj is a Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, pictured here, which is the birthplace of the prophet Mohammed. It is a form of social death. D. The more women contribute to the domestic sphere, the more publicly recognized power they achieve. In what kind of society is differential access to resources based on social stratification? In which of the following societies would you expect womens status to be highest? D. is higher in matrilineal societies than it is in patrilineal societies. D. Polyandry almost always takes the form of a sororate. E. They formerly wanted money for luxuries but now also need money for food. At the center of the photo, note the Kaaba, the symbolic dwelling place of Allah. 2. C. in most societies women tend to be the primary child caregivers. C. flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans primate heritage. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Anthropology Midterm- Ch.4 Flashcards | Quizlet Historically, pilgrims arrived by walking, using the travel time and its accompanying struggles to focus on growing in their faith. What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire group moves with the animals throughout the year? A Rite of Intensification is a ritual or ceremony performed by a community in a time of crisis that affects all members, as a rain dance during a drought. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, C. Individuals differ in every society on the nature, range, and intensity of their sexual interests. A good example is the daily practice of Islamic prayer, or salat. Which of the following is not a phase of a rite of passage? What is the name of the family in which a child is raised? A. C. patrilocality. belief in multiple gods. A. generalized reciprocity. D. There is no sex-based division of labor. ANTH135 Exam #2 Flashcards | Quizlet A. produce food without elaborate technology. Most of the repetitive religious services that are offered through churches, synagogues, and mosques are rites of intensification. Which of the following is one of the main differences between descent groups and nuclear families? There are also secular rites of passage, such as graduation or quinceaera, a celebratory birthday for 15-year-old girls in many Latin American communities. Why is polygyny a problem in Turkey today? C. The Basseri big man (tonowi) could enforce his decisions, whereas the Qashqai village head could only lead by example. B. The theory that people will use scientific technology as far as it will extend and then will resort to magic or religion to alleviate their fears is known as? [41]. For believers with the physical ability and financial means, completing the hajj to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is essential to their faith. 48 terms. The term intersex describes A. gender stratification processes. E. Village head is a permanent political office, while big man is a temporary position. Rite of Passage. An intense spirit of unity, solidarity, and togetherness that encourages people to see themselves as members of a community. E. men never contribute to child care. C. It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare. Instead, individuals who practice Buddhism use techniques like meditation to achieve the insight necessary to lead a meaningful life and ultimately, after many lifetimes, to achieve the goal of nirvana, release from suffering. It is used to refer to rituals, myths, holidays, rules, and the way things are. B. not all cultures define incest the same way. E. The less women contribute to the public sphere, the more publicly recognized power they achieve. Family of orientation C. Family of nucleation, What is the most stable social group among band societies with a seasonal pattern of population dispersal? Hear a word and type it out. Women are subservient to men in nearly all societies because their subsistence activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men. A. E. They are the dominant males in the largest, most powerful descent groups. Culture plays a role in molding individual sexual urges toward a collective norm. You have a choice between a 30 30 -year fixed rate loan at 4.5 \% 4.5% and an adjustable rate mortgage ( \mathrm {ARM} ARM) with a first-year rate of 3 \% 3%. C. generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity. B. pastoralism. Which of the following statements about divorce is not true? More than 1 billion of the world's population live on less than $1 a day but a meal for two at a good restaurant in a major wealthy city can easily . D. personal charisma. A. business math. More than half of American households with incomes below the poverty line. Consider the following: a. the problem of gridlock b. the increase in the size of the United States. D. The former is labor-intensive, while the latter is land-intensive. C. fallowing. Blood feuds B. separation stage. D. heterosexual sex is more common among humans than among other primates. The land, labor, and technology used in production C. The way production is organized in a society D. Technology used to produce consumer goods E. The cultural aspects of an economy, such as changing fashions in the textile and clothing industry. After the ceremony, she is reintroduced to her community as a woman and not a child; she is now considered a young adult. B. Nonindustrial economies have little to do with the everyday lives of people. A village council B. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Which of the following is not associated with the market principle? Tribe. A. Nonindustrial producers do not partake in the results of their labor. B. are extended. E. Polyandry fails to meet Leachs criteria for marriage. A status that a person has little or no choice about occupying. C. A village head is a band leader, while a big man is a tribal leader. C. flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans' primate heritage. One example of a rite of passage among the Navajo of the southwestern United States is the Kinaald. Although the John Frum ritual is focused on commodities, or cargo, the term cargo cult is generally not preferred by anthropologists because it oversimplifies the complex motivations involved in the ritual. A status that a person has little or no choice about occupying B. Social stratification B. Sedentism C. Egalitarianism, Agricultural intensification is not associated with. D. is higher in matrilineal societies than it is in patrilineal societies. dharma. (technological ritual) hunting and . B. social stratification. One common rite of affliction in the Christian tradition is the laying on of hands. Foraging economies are usually associated with which type of sociopolitical organization? A. While illness and health in most Western societies are understood to be biomedical phenomena based on empirical evidence, in non-Western societies and in localized religious traditions across cultures, well-being is viewed as a relationship between body and soul and thus is believed to have a religious component. B. an adaptation to poverty. B. a ritual that arises spontaneously, frequently in times of crisis. D. men and women are completely equal; there is no gender inequality. B. the market principle, redistribution, and reciprocity. Rebirth in a human form is considered good fortune because humans have the ability to control their own thoughts and behaviors. These rituals are used to bind members of the community together, to create a sense of communitas or unity that encourages people to see themselves as members of a community. Anthropology part 3 religion: lesson notes and practice quiz A. Patrilineality B. Patrilocality C. Warfare. Individual actions have effects on ones karma. Which of the following statements about the incest taboo is true? D. Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states. Verified answer. A. It tends to be more pronounced among foragers than among pastoralists. Using Apple's 10-K, answer the following questions (Hint: It may be easier to use the Word or PDF file and use the search . Normally classified as healing rituals or petitions for supernatural intervention, these rites seek remedy or compensation for the affliction. A. In the film El Sebou': An Egyptian Birth Ritual, the birth mother must to what to her new born children? A. horticulture. What is the domestic-public dichotomy? Rituals tend to have a common structure even though ritual and ritual performance can be quite variable. Believers place their hands on the shoulders or head of the congregant who seeks healingwhether from social, mental, or physical distressin the belief that with fervent prayer and physical contact, the Holy Spirit can move from one individual to another to strengthen, heal, and anoint them with Gods grace. He was associated with the schoolteachers, whom no one trusted. B. it is immoral for humans to engage in such activities. C. are foragers. Religious beliefs are an important element of social control because these beliefs help to define acceptable behaviors as well as punishments, including supernatural consequences, for misbehavior. What is the basis of political organization in states? When asked to explain his continued faith, one village elder explained: You Christians have been waiting 2,000 years for Jesus to return to Earth, and you havent given up hope.[44] This John Frum custom is sometimes called a cargo cult, a term used to describe rituals that seek to attract material prosperity. One type of ritual is a rite of passage, a ceremony designed to transition individuals between life stages. A. A. A fastening device for the first pottery to keep animals out of the food C. A harvest festival in agricultural cultures D. A lock for the outhouse that is shaped like a pot E. A rite of intensification to solidify group bonds. When comparing local forms of world religions--the idea that a local religion can be created by combining and incorporating other religions together, or layering one on top of another is known as? In band societies, what typically determines the amount of respect or status that an individual enjoys? C. It impedes peaceful relations among social groups and therefore promotes population expansion. The incest taboo is a feature of a capitalist economy. is a Medieval Christian concept, a culture specific term that is dependent on current scientific understanding of "natural". Which of the following is a characteristic of most foraging societies? C. The relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy. Which of the following statements concerning gender stratification is true? C. It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare. One of these is to help ensure a good harvest by impressing the spirits with a dramatic display of bravery. A big man has supporters in multiple villages. (credit: Holy Kaba by Camera Eye/flickr, CC BY 2.0), https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/13-4-rituals-of-transition-and-conformity, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Profit motive B. anthro 12, chap 4 Flashcards | Quizlet Which type of a situation is most likely to result in a matrilineal-matrilocal society? One well-known example are the ideas expressed in the Ten Commandments, which are incorporated in the teachings of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism and prohibit behaviors such as theft, murder, adultery, dishonesty, and jealousy while also emphasizing the need for honor and respect between people. B. b. identifying variances determines which manager must find a solution to major discrepancies. E. Rites of passage would be effective in diminishing anxiety and fear if they did not involve the liminal phase. E. The Yanomami are isolated from missionaries and the Venezuelan government, and are self-sufficient.