Extant Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Background: r.+IT8&"C0\&nnaxd)T{U`A ;CZpJ[D\V=!'8Pb666hr|DDJ9BJJ@ ]SA BlfFpR@p$^Bs0dsw.YHv TBu#P5 UAAl[;Et9`VM g5tyo/0?`P`C iL+=`YiJ} *Kt wF#} "'914F^RHKy,*\rVg'p>c\rZDrYU,YX:g0pJ@vB-y` J Slider with three articles shown per slide. Technovation, . Strategic Management Journal, One can conclude that an unknown number of written works too have likely not survived the ravages of time and are therefore lost. This could lead to an underestimation of the importance of the firms efforts to absorb knowledge and communicate its needs to the researcher. International Journal of Technology Management, 2015; Ulhi et al. Maybe you were looking for one of these terms? Part of Springer Nature. 43(4), 365380. 30(12), 13911418. Trust, communication, the use of intermediaries and experience are found as facilitators for knowledge transfer that help to resolve the identified barriers. Although university income from academic engagement outranks income derived from selling intellectual property (IP) (Perkmann et al. Mowery, D. C., & Shane, S. (2002). 0 Making university/industry collaborative research succeed. Research Policy, Ivory tower and industrial innovation. PDF The U.S. Charter School Landscape: Extant Literature, Gaps in Research Hagedoorn, J., Link, A. N., & Vonortas, N. S. (2000). Second, we identified the information that related to knowledge transfer and included this in our table. "extant literature." DEste, P., & Perkmann, M. (2011). Schartinger, D., Rammer, C., Fischer, M. M., & Frhlich, J. 0000188193 00000 n Strategic management accounting practices: a literature - Emerald (2014). Michael T. Compton . 14(10), 641655. 19(5), 461477. financial industry, innovation/technology and law/regulation. 2013). Based on extant definitions, we develop a conceptual definition of DT as "a process that aims to improve an entity by triggering . Therefore, relatedness of prior knowledge and technological competence help to understand and integrate new knowledge (Daghfous 2004; Santoro and Bierly 2006) and reduces ambiguity. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the extant literature of workplace spirituality (WPS) in a manner that helps us trace its emergence in management practices in the past twelve years and to identify the gaps to be addressed by researchers in near future., A two-step screening process was followed to extract the . In our analysis we identified a number of barriers to successful knowledge transfer in academic engagement. 2008). Academicpractitioner collaboration in management research: A case of cross-profession collaboration. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'extant.' Firm employees who interact frequently with researchers and follow the debate at academic meetings gain a deeper understanding of the working methods and knowledge produced by the researchers. Technovation, the review is being conducted. 2011; Wallin et al. 2016) and providing data and insight in the application context (Barnes et al. Using extant literature in a grounded theory study: a - ResearchGate Sangwan, V., , H., Prakash, P. and Singh, S. (2020), "Financial technology: a review of extant literature", Studies in Economics and Finance, Vol. Nonaka, I. Absorptive capacity, ambiguity and cognitive distance seem to be the most difficult barriers to be resolved. A comprehensive assessment. Santoro, M. D., & Gopalakrishnan, S. (2001). In our view, an increased understanding of when informal or formal management mechanisms are used is needed. and transmitted securely. Galan-Muros, V., & Plewa, C. (2016). Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., McKelvey, M., Autio, E., Brostrm, A., DEste, P., et al. The second, with differences in goals and the applicability of knowledge. H|Tn0+HER{iIbr\Y|}gA|#'],+r3?oO&Oe02l$JI3Ln.*Ex'0/ y=\|9J9xd SY@&?f"X2p'#e"*:nlq12`ch=)vm % XWLLgi#$08H$V#bFN5%GLC6ew|0(% $Eb'V %@:^Cv0|ZK:n[&(^*z1 If they are regularly updated they help to keep goals and research work aligned. In exploring extant literature, the study shows that the concept of knowledge gap emanated from the mass media domain and has two distinct pillars or pathways such as differentials in awareness. 2014; Wang and Lu 2007) and the use of tools or objects (Buganza et al. Instead of limiting our search to a list of prominent journals we decided to include a wide range of economic and managerial literature. Therefore, we changed the search strategy to an approach in which we used broad Boolean search strings to identify papers on academic engagement from which we manually selected the ones that discuss research partnerships in relation to knowledge transfer. Production Planning and Control, A study by Daghfous (2004) indicated that prior knowledge was only significant in case of high uncertainty about the organizational aspects for the implementation of the new knowledge. Looking at the papers in our review, the overall picture is that the extant literature pays little attention to the knowledge contribution of industrial partners. Researchers who consider using results from this paper should be aware of the fact, that the qualitative nature of most research papers we used in this review, the small samples in both case study and quantitative studies we reviewed, and the sample bias of the selected cases in these studies (discussing only one sector, one university or a single research collaboration) might influence the validity of results we discussed. 2(2), 119133. 41(1), 116145. While trust is used to express the reliability of a partner (Hansen 1999). Scandinavian Journal of Management, There is no extant literature in the English language in this era. At the same time strict conflict of interest policies are in place to prevent conflicts of interests. They showed that technological relatedness and technological capability (which increases absorptive capacity) were the most important facilitators of knowledge transfer in UI collaborations. 24(23), 208225. Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to universityindustry collaboration. (2006). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Therefore, the following section describes our method in detail. We only used the factors that were relevant for inter-organizational collaborations, absorptive capacity, ambiguity, cultural differences, differences in goals, trust and tie-strength (Fig. 2013a). Cultural differences relating to the application of knowledge and willingness to share knowledge relates to the academic habit to publish results, while industrial partners rather keep knowledge secret. Minerva, 47(1), 93114. 2013a). They focus on fundamental research, but use market developments to inspire their research. 1). The evolution of universityindustry linkagesA framework. Third, we organized our literature in line with three themescognitive difference, institutional differences and social capital in a summarizing document that formed the basis for the analysis. 2012). There remains discussion about the extent to which cultural differences actually affect collaboration in practice. The paper summarizes the research and findings in this emerging field. Navigating the grounded theory terrain. Nglish: Translation of extant for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of extant for Arabic Speakers. In the initiation stage trust is mainly based on the reputation of and previous experiences with the partner (Plewa et al. 9(4), 259280. Also, academics hardly use data that is produced by the industrial partner due to a lack of quality signals of industrial data that is required for academic publication (Canhoto et al. European Journal of Innovation Management, 0000122316 00000 n Spontaneously sharing interesting knowledge that is not directly related to the specific project, experience and successful previous collaborations make partners feel that the other is genuinely interested in what is needed and improves insight in the partners needs (Al-Tabbaa and Ankrah 2016; Pinheiro et al. Knowledge acquisition in UniversityIndustry alliances: An empirical investigation from a learning theory perspective. Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. 0000135631 00000 n Also, there seems to be agreement that secondment, employee exchange and hiring graduates are important ways to transfer the tacit aspects of knowledge in both directions. %%EOF The literature database searches revealed 20 articles that were reviewed for research findings, and the conference guides, Internet search, and NAMI Website search revealed 5,377, and 143 potentially relevant citations, respectively. Method: Careers. 2016). A third feature, and one that attracts little attention, is that reviews go on throughout the duration of a research project rather than the conventional understanding that it is conducted at the beginning of a study and ends there. effects of faculty quality on university engagement with industry. A classic approach avoids a pre-study literature review to minimise preconceptions and emphasises the constant comparison method, while the Straussian and constructivist approaches focus more on the beneficial aspects of an initial literature review and researcher reflexivity. Alexander, A. T., & Childe, S. J. (2008). Inkpen, A. C. (2000). 2015; Sandberg et al. 2013). Extant literature can be divided into extant original manuscripts, copies of original manuscripts, quotations and paraphrases of passages of non-extant texts contained in other works, translations of non-extant texts into other languages, or, more recently, photocopies or digital copies of texts. Relationship dynamics between university research centres and industrial firms: Their impact on technology transfer activities. In this paper we focus on these kinds of academic engagement which we define as research partnerships based on high relational involvement in situations where individuals and teams from academic and industrial contexts work together on specific projects and produce common outputs (Perkmann and Walsh 2007, p. 263). European Management Journal, Second, we excluded papers that were not related to knowledge transfer. Tie strength improves absorptive capacity, as more interaction provides more opportunities to exchange knowledge. 48(1), 589. Systematic Reviews, Ambiguity can be reduced by tie strength as well. The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 18(1), 4469. PDF DOING A LITERATURE 3 REVIEW - SAGE Publications Inc To improve our understanding of the strategy implementation process, and to promote its inclusion in strategy research, the authors systematically review and synthesize findings in the extant. Strategic management of interactions at the academicindustry interface. 2013a; Pinheiro et al. Second, there is a fear that academic partners, unintentionally, share sensitive knowledge with other companies, due to a lack of experience with handling sensitive knowledge (Ulhi et al. Knowledge transfer in universityindustry research partnerships: a review, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-9660-x, The Complementarity Investment in University-Industry Collaboration, Establishing successful universityindustry collaborations: barriers and enablers deconstructed, Knowledge transfer to industry: how academic researchers learn to become boundary spanners during academic engagement, Values in UniversityIndustry Collaborations: The Case of Academics Working at Universities of Technology, Creating New Knowledge while Solving a Relevant Practical Problem: Success Factors for an Action Research-Based PhD Thesis in Business and Management, What makes industryuniversity collaboration succeed? 22(7), 597624. 2014). Keywords: Research that differentiates between cognitive or goal related differences and routine based differences indicates that these factors affect collaborations differently (Corley et al. 2016). Industry and Innovation, Purpose. 2016). In S. Shane (Ed. 2012). 1, pp. This may conflict with making strict project plans and specifying deliverables that align with industrial needs. Big data analytics capabilities: A systematic literature review and research agenda. The literature we reviewed uses the term cultural differences to indicate differences in project goals, expected outcomes, visions on required research activities, the allocation of time and resources, management styles, social conducts, cognitive differences, different language and time perception (Bjerregaard 2010; Galan-Muros and Plewa 2016; Ghauri and Rosendo-Rios 2016; Harryson et al. Additionally, we looked for research that confirmed the relevance of the factors we identified for academic engagement. volume44,pages 12361255 (2019)Cite this article. We therefore included literature that discussed these factors, but also other forms of relational capital. This means that we will focus on research partnerships, collaborative research, contract research and consulting while collaborations with limited interaction or that require little or no new research are excluded. In this review we discuss which theoretical frames could deepen our understanding of universityindustry (UI) knowledge transfer, identify barriers and facilitators of knowledge transfer and use a practices perspective to identify ways to deal with these barriers. 12(3), 1623. We locate extant data through the use of contextual positioning as we ascribe to a view that context is inherent to analysis. From the papers we studied, it seems that UI research partnerships are managed informally (e.g. When there are no IP-rights expected the collaboration is often formed by memoires of understanding (MoU) or standard documents from the technology transfer office (TTO) instead of legal contracts (ibid). If partners mainly interact through periodical meetings instead of personnel exchange the identification of suitable recipients within the firm, who have the right knowledge background is essential. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings, reviewed for policymakers and researchers, and a list of remaining research topics in the field of charter school research. Web. During the collaboration the quality of communication is important. Latin exstant-, exstans, present participle of exstare to stand out, be in existence, from ex- + stare to stand more at stand. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. If experience or management capabilities do not reduce cognitive differences, identifying suitable partners with matching knowledge backgrounds is an important success factor (Galan-Muros and Plewa 2016). Bjerregaard (2010) and Bruneel et al. 2016). 1077 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<22E3C1F6DE70034A8FEE0FAACABEF336><2C1749C03B6AF048B38588F3D32BB5B9>]/Index[1062 26]/Info 1061 0 R/Length 79/Prev 158736/Root 1063 0 R/Size 1088/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Bridging the gap between university and industry: Three mechanisms for innovation efficiency. Corley, E. A., Boardman, P. C., & Bozeman, B. Cyert, R. M., & Goodman, P. S. (1997). Different goals relate to the different ways in which business and academia benefit from knowledge. Hunter A, Murphy K, Grealish A, Casey D, Keady J. These plans are rarely updated as the work develops and they soon become obsolete. 2013b). 2007). 2016). Furthermore, experience with academic engagement in general and the specific partner in particular will build understanding for the needs of industry and the particular partner more specifically. What drives and inhibits universitybusiness cooperation in Europe? (2010). Extant Research - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Review methods: While knowledge transfer is a bidirectional process. They result in differences in language and different logics regarding what methods should be used. We will continue with discussing how each of these practices can be used effectively to transfer knowledge according to the literature. (2016) who discusses three levels of collaboration, low, high and deep, and links them to different knowledge exchange practices. Why do academics engage with industry? In that section we provide an overview of theoretical perspectives and activities that have been described in previous research. 0000175131 00000 n 2012). Yet the trust scales used most frequently in the papers we reviewed are the ones intended for analysing business-to-business relations, developed by Saparito et al. 13(4), 287299. Concatenated exploration is an expression coined by Stebbins in 1992 and "refers at once to research process and the resulting set of field studies that are linked together, as it were in a chain leading to cumulative grounded, or inductively generated, theory" (2001, p. 435). [George] Lucas' brain teemed with plots and characters, exotic creatures, worlds to be spun out of the words and sketches in his notebooks. fduWdr6sH( H7R 1@~-87Y9Ck E9k>>SZcYlL[kvsB}`>Oo$VQ |P4`K An empirical investigation of the roles of prior knowledge and learning activities in technology transfer. European Journal of Innovation Management, Davenport, S., Davies, J., & Grimes, C. (1998). The extent to which cultural differences affect academic engagement is unclear, even as the role of experience to reduce this barrier. Resultantly, academic reputation and previous personal ties are important drivers for establishing collaborations (Pinheiro et al. 5, 210. 2002; Ghauri and Rosendo-Rios 2016; Morandi 2013; Wallin et al. The capability of firms to absorb new knowledge depends on the shared knowledge base of the academics and the firm employees. Making innovative use of academic knowledge to enhance corporate technology innovation impact. Philosophy, 0000018145 00000 n The most important characteristic of knowledge is its explicitness (Santoro and Bierly 2006). Research Policy, There were only six journals in which we found more than 1 paper, three of those had published two papers and three published three papers. Toward a new economics of science. ; Exercises involving eccentric muscle contractions of the quadriceps on a decline board are strongly supported by extant literature. 163 33 Mesny, A., & Mailhot, C. (2007). 2006; Estrada et al. Extant Literature Synonyms & Antonyms | Synonyms.com Nurse Res. More attention for how firms manage research partnerships is therefore needed. Novice researchers considering grounded theory methodology will become aware of the contentious issue of how and when extant literature should be incorporated into a study. Trust has been shown to influence knowledge transfer in research partnerships (Bruneel et al. One moose, two moose. 2013b). There is room left for research into problem management during the initiation and collaboration phase. The logic of tacit inference. 2012; Wang and Lu 2007) or (Ph.D.) students that do part of their research at the firm (Gertner et al. xb```f`d`e``)cb@ !6v@N#HPD88@m7+U@L4|b|%v,LRajiXc)91Lf|6zl2 Fs:$DeNN&F^7i_R* GSu[tt WYD66zdmP4t:+ -2+ >fcz@d n B^"KD79HmUz-&rTX3}2bVQ_/5FpyF@w:X 4$y0$W Epub 2009 Apr 3. There are not many papers that focus explicitly on knowledge transfer in academic engagement (Bruneel et al. 2010;17(4):8-17. doi: 10.7748/nr2010.07.17.4.8.c7920. The governance of university knowledge transfer: A critical review of the literature. To provide a personal account of the factors in a doctoral study that led to the adoption of classic grounded theory principles relating to the use of literature. Collaboration experience with a specific partner and learning how to deal with differences seems the best way to overcome differences in logic and goals. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. Knowledge that has these characteristics is hard to identify, understand and transfer (ibid.). u Emv4] P[,rFR,qXa@spH?RL4g PubMedGoogle Scholar. Cultural differences that are referred to as institutional norms or organizational routines relate to differences in project management and time orientation. Question: After you have determined what sources to include in your literature review to assess employee contributions in the workplace, you must now compile your review and reflect on the implications of all that you have read in the extant literature and how that applies to your research. (2015). 2011; Morandi 2013; Ulhi et al. In the same study, tacitness and explicitness (related to knowledge ambiguity) moderated knowledge transfer negatively. However, there are other ways for academics to ensure application of their knowledge these practices focus predominantly on knowledge exchange (Salter and Martin 2001; Alexander and Childe 2013). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2014; Bjerregaard 2009; Canhoto et al. Before turning to the analysis of the selected papers we will discuss the definitions of and relations between the factors identified by Van Wijk et al. The possibility for interactive discussion for the coordination of goals is important to keep industrial and academic expectations aligned (Johnson and Johnston 2004). 0000016254 00000 n Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 25(2), 162179. Academy of Management Journal, Amabile, T. M., Patterson, C., Mueller, J., Wojcik, T., Odomirok, P. W., Marsh, M., et al. Again, regardless of the chosen approach to qualitative research, your dissertation will have unique key features as listed below. Boundary spanners are effective because they facilitate the knowledge conversion and translation of academics results to the context of the firm and vice versa (Azevedo Ferreira and Rezende Ramos 2015; Gertner et al. Sherwood and Covin (2008) found that trust is positively associated with tacit knowledge transfer, as trust increases open communication and the willingness to share knowledge. Project management tools can be helpful in the communication of progress and the relation between goals and outcomes (Wallin et al. It can be wise to start with smaller projects, such as student internships or thesis research, to gain collaboration experience and to learn about the capabilities of a partner. (2002). These factors and their definitions (see below) were used to decide which of the papers on academic engagement in our results discussed topics that could be related to knowledge transfer. 12(2), 161176. . (2013). Article publication date: 7 November 2019. Ulhi, J., Neergaard, H., & Bjerregaard, T. (2012). Therefore, tie strength improves trust (Al-Tabbaa and Ankrah 2016; Plewa et al. (2013) found that literature on academic engagement was mainly published after 2006. This needs to be confirmed by future research. Additionally, trust is reflected in the absence of formal control mechanisms. You may be able to access teaching notes by logging in via your Emerald profile. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 0000148751 00000 n Research Policy, Sandberg, J., Holmstrm, J., Napier, N., & Levn, P. (2015). On the other hand, the limited statistical research on cultural differences indicates that cultural differences do affect collaboration success (Galan-Muros and Plewa 2016; Ghauri and Rosendo-Rios 2016). Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Therefore, we recommend to carefully select knowledge partners and the persons who represent the company. Finally, the study highlights the lessons that growing FinTech firms and their regulators can learn from the experiences of their counterparts across the globe. We aim to realize generalization and accumulation of knowledge and to identify issues which are inconclusive or have been ignored in the extant literature and provide practices that facilitate the management of academic engagement in practice. Trust is positively influenced by tie strength and shared goals, and negatively by ambiguity and organizational differences. Nurse Res. A more structured approach is required which distinguishes between the effects of single attributes of cultural differences and their effect on collaboration success and knowledge transfer. In ideal circumstances during deep collaboration the industrial partner would take a more equal role as the academics and contribute to the identification of research problems, help with the selection of methods and is engaged in data gathering and analysis. Research partnerships. 5(1), 1437. 2002; Bjerregaard 2009; Sandberg et al. Communication practices on the other hand are very important for the quality of knowledge sharing. 36(3), 316339. Communication should be open, interactive and bidirectional, for instance in the form of workshops, to recognize and resolve cognitive differences. There seems to be a need for future research to improve our understanding of how cultural differences are managed. The relevance of ambiguity and absorptive capacity in the context of UI collaboration was confirmed by Santoro and Bierly (2006). 44(1), 82111. The three main grounded theory approaches are classic, Straussian and constructivist, and the seminal texts provide conflicting beliefs surrounding the use of literature. Management Science, First, we prepared a table which summarized the research questions and answers. We also identified the most relevant factors and practices for the mitigation of these differences. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! Communication to determine goals and to discuss what information can be published is the most important way to deal with these differences. Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). These differences can be handled through publication management and upfront arrangement of IP (intellectual property) rights (Azevedo Ferreira and Rezende Ramos 2015). (2016). Universitiesindustry collaboration strategies: A micro-level perspective. Secondly, trust is mainly researched in quantitative research in relation to general collaboration success. 15(4), 625647. Technovation, 2011; Morandi 2013). Hansen, M. T. (1999). Creating effective universityindustry alliances: An organizational learning perspective. Our framework and the factors found by van Wijk et al. Furthermore, trust influences the formalization of communication. Goals and outcomes should be established early in the project. This is a methodological paper detailing the authors' engagement in the debate surrounding the role of the literature in a grounded theory study. Intermediaries mainly help to reduce cognitive differences, and experience primarily helps to resolve differences is goals. 10(1), 173187. Using extant literature, this paper explores these underdevelopment and entrepreneurship issues to create an integrated solution towards bridging the human, social, and economic development gap. Thereafter, it identifies the gaps and provides directions for further research. Muscio, A., & Pozzali, A. trailer Henny J. van der Windt. 2007; Hadjimanolis 2006; Pinheiro et al. We propose that research into academic engagement can build on theory on knowledge transfer to fill this gap. 0000175068 00000 n Science and Engineering Ethics, The paper suggests that a thorough impact of FinTech on various stakeholders can be understood using three dimensions, namely, consumers, market players and regulatory front.