Many questions are related. In this experiment you will drop a ball on a hard surface such as table and record the sounds it makes when it bounces using a computer and any sound recorder program. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. Based on your gathered information, make an educated guess about what types of things affect the system you are working with. D) If I freeze a tennis ball, then it will not bounce as high. Identifying variables is necessary before you can make a hypothesis. That height fraction is equal to the fraction of energy that the ball successfully stored and returned during its bounce. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. Several smooth hard flat horizontal surfaces suitable for bouncing ballsfloors, lab tables, sidewalks, and the like. The last term is also known as the nth term of a geometric progression; n is the number of terms and a is the first term while Sn is the sum of the terms in the sequence as shown in the equation below. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. The balls are shown at rest, about to bounce back up. This applies to a ball falling in a vacuum. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. As the ball falls through the air, the Law of Conservation of Energy is in effect and states that energy is neither gained nor lost, only transferred from one form to another. We can go back to our table of velocities, square each one, then multiply by 1/ 2 * 0.044 kg to find the kinetic energy at each moment. This means for the ball to reach terminal velocity the drag force has to be bigger and for the drag force to be bigger the ball has to fall faster (so that more air particles hit the ball every second). 2. The higher the ball goes, the more GPE it ends up with. It is a separate experiment, done exactly like the others. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. his the height of the balls bounce. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. C) Frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high. Additionally we were able to practice reading a lab, taking data and making a graph. For example this is a sample explanation. Belowis the graph of h1against h2. Why or why not? In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the release height and we keep all other variables unchanged. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. This is because the experiment is a very short and simple one to carry out and if conducted efficiently can be completed easily within the time span allowed for collecting evidence. This motion can be described using a geometric sequence, as the height of the ball after each bounce depends on the initial height from which the ball fell. In air considerations have to be taken into account such as air resistance but even so the rough height to which it will bounce to can be predicted before dropping the ball. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. As the ball falls it hits against air particles. We have a new and improved Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 8th time. The format you use to write your bibliography may look like this: Are you ready for more advanced ball drop projects? This slope tells us how bouncy the ball is. changing air density, temperature The surface onto which the ball ", " My husband and son came with me for the tour. Studying tables and graphs, we can see trends that tell us how different variables cause our observations. WebOn the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. The variation between results was obtained by taking the minimum result away from the maximum result. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. As in both cases the main form of energy is GPE it follows that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce. Hypothesis: If a tennis ball is dropped from a specific height then the ball will bounce to the same height. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. At first, try to choose variables that you think act independently of each other. WebRamp and ball, controlled study lab report. Keep track of where you got your information from. You The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. For each run, a different amount of change in the variable is used. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Will you pass the quiz? It is the most basic kind of energy. Controlled: - Same ball. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. This denting extracts energy from the balls motion and stores much of it in the elastic surfaces of the floor and ball. Here, the motion of a real bouncing ball is shown. WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. The selection of balls for official games in most sports (esp. Questions lead to more questions, which lead to additional hypothesis that need to be tested. Balls: Terminal Speed and Coefficient of Restitution. The force that is received by the ball from the ground from the collision causes it to rebound, which converts the potential energy to kinetic energy. I plan to collect at least ten results as this will make the conclusion and graph I am able to draw from the experiment more accurate than if I had less results than ten. ball bounced 6 inches. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. Such variations in the bounce of a dropped ball rise questions that demand some research and investigation. Controlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). This is because as the ball goes faster it passes through a greater volume of air each second. http://wings.avkids.com/Curriculums/Tennis/index.html. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. WebA control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the Identify your study strength and weaknesses. This would mean that one could re-examine the height to which it bounced to and find it exactly instead of having to make a split second judgement which is not half as accurate. WebAll experimental investigations involve variables. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. For the higher heights the distance from h, was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h, to accurately in a short amount of time. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). It depends only on the elasticity of the ball itselfa super ball returns a large fraction while a beanbag returns a tiny fraction. If the drag is less the ball will fall faster and is less likely to reach its terminal velocity. A ball falls from a height of 3 metres. At the point of maximum height, the ball momentarily has zero velocity, and the direction of velocity is changing from positive to negative. A single experiment may contain many control variables. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Use a racquetball, a golf ball or any kind that bounces well and makes a nice crisp sound when it bounces. WebBouncing Ball Experiment. As it falls, the ball converts energy stored in the force of gravitygravitational potential energyinto energy of motionkinetic energy. The results of our experiment show that this probably is not the case. This would eliminate parallax error further. When the ball travels in the negative direction (downwards), the velocity can be assumed to be negative. Each of the following experiments tests a different hypothesis. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. We also noted after we finished the experiment that the student taking measurements sometimes stood above the height when taking the measurement and sometimes kneeled on the floor so they had a different angle on the meter stick, which may have affected the measurement. The change in direction when the ball reaches the ground causes a momentary acceleration as seen in the acceleration graph (as acceleration). Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. When the ball rebounds, its stored energy reappears and it leaps higher into the air than it would have had you dropped it a shorter distance. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. These balls do not bounce as well as balls with high air pressure. What are the variables in the ramp experiment? Dependent Variable: The height of the bounce. We felt the magic immediately.". There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables: You can have as many controlled variables as you like. It goes back to its initial vertical position after a period of time. This can either be assumed and chosen, or it can be stated in a question.). 1. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). WebLearn how to identify types of variables in a simple experiment with bouncing balls. Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. Repeat your tests for each different type of bouncing surface and record the results in a table like this: Experiments are often done in series. The third stage is the point at which the ball is momentarily deformed, and bounces off the ground in an upward direction until it reaches its maximum height. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. In this experiment you will test the bounce of a dropped ball for different surface hardness. This is a sample on how to write the results, conclusion and make charts. Above this point the height all balls will bounce to will not be directly proportional to the height they are dropped from, but the increase in the height they bounce to will increase more slowly in proportion to the height they are dropped from compared to the increase between lower heights before the ball shows signs of approaching its terminal velocity before it hits the ground. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. This means that KE is the same for both balls when each ball hits the ground. The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. Dependable controls are sometimes very hard to develop. It was difficult to accurately measure the height of the bounce. These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they won't interfere with your test. It could also be a written statement of what occurred during experiments. 70% is retained. At this level, science becomes even more interesting and powerful.8. Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Removing the maximum and minimum results and taking an average of the middle three results also provided more accurate results. An increase in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Sometimes the designer of an experiment can miss the obvious. Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. Tape the ruler to the wall. What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. These polymers are tangled together and stretch upon impact. The three trials at each height are then averaged, and the average bounce height is graphed versus the drop height. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the type or flexibility of bounce surface and we keep all other variables unchanged. Is a bouncing ball an example of Newton's third law? Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. Figure 1. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. The average variation between results was 3cm. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. This means that if a heavier ball is to be used then it will need to be dropped from higher to reach its terminal velocity. As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. A control is a neutral reference point for comparison that allows you to see what changing a variable does by comparing it to not changing anything. Therefore the results are valid. The purpose of this project is to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. Use two people to measure the results; one person to drop the ball and one to measure the height to which it reaches after bouncing. Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. This is impossible. The surface onto which the ball is dropped upon will be kept the same. This is also reflected in the velocity graph; the velocity is at its maximum at the minimum displacement and goes through zero at its maximum heights. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Also its Gravitational Potential energy is decreasing because its height is decreasing. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. For a perfectly elastic bounce (the ultimate super ball), e =1; and for an inelastic bounce (like clay dropping on the floor), e =0. Procedure: One group member drops a tennis ball from a specific height, while the other group member notes how high the ball bounces. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. Using the slope and graph, we can estimate that the ball would bounce to 0.75 m if dropped from 1.5 m and bounce to 1 m if dropped from 2 m. It is difficult to say with certainty that a ball dropped from 100 m would bounce to 50 m. That is because the heights we dropped the tennis ball from were all under 1 m, and at a much greater distance there may be other factors that would contribute to the bounce height. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. It will be important to keep track of what times go between what bounces. The When the ball collides with the floor, the ball becomes deformed. The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. where m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity of the moving object. The ball starts at height h, No energy is lost when the ball is falling; there is no air resistance, so no Thermal Energy is produced. Find the infinite distance of travel. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. (Their ideas might include surface texture, colour, size, what its made of, squashiness, opacity, weight, air pockets, temperature, cost, shininess/dullness, hardness/softness, age, layers of materials.) Your assistant will record the bounce. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h1 to h2 in order to obtain accurate results. This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. However when the ball is dropped from a relatively low height, drag 0. WebVariables: Height from which the ball is dropped Mass of the ball Material ball is made from External factors, i.e. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. Sometimes variables are linked and work together to cause something. The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the release height. are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. A control variable is any factor that is controlled or held constant during an experiment. In reality, the ball experiences damping, where it loses potential energy and kinetic energy as it falls. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. This will be a table tennis ball. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. Several new questions may have occurred to you while doing experiments. Create and find flashcards in record time. \(E_{pot} = E_{kin} \cdot m \cdot g \cdot h = \frac{1}{2} \cdot m \cdot v^2\). For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. Independent Variable: The height from which the ball is dropped. Your challenge will be to find a way to determine your balls e, and the initial height of the ball when you first dropped it. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. Use a uniform surface to drop the ball onto. Variables are the factors that are changed, measured or controlled. The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. At the terminal speed, the drag force = the gravitational force. In the bouncing ball example, external forces such as air resistance are assumed to be zero. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. If the ball is elastic in nature, the ball will quickly return to its original form and spring up from the floor. Research questions pose a question about the Yes, as the ball receives a force from the ground due to collision, which causes the ball to bounce off the ground. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. The ball is not performing a simple harmonic motion, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position. As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. Following are some sample information that you may find: Everyone has played with balls that bounce, but few people truly understand the physics behind a bouncing ball. 2. This causes thermal energy to be given off. If you determine that experimental errors are influencing your results, carefully rethink the design of your experiments. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air. This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. For an infinite number of turns, another geometric sequence formula can be used. For testing air pressure you will need one ball that is inflatable such as a basketball ball. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Is a bouncing ball an example of oscillatory motion? To set up the Dropping a ball from different heights Dropping a ball from different heights could affect Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. The more KE the ball leaves the floor with the longer it takes to stop due to the force of gravity and return back to the floor again. Why? Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. Is a bouncing ball an example of potential energy? Kinetic energy means energy associated with motion. Why if you drop a ball from say 2 meters does it bounce higher than a ball dropped from 1 meter? B) If I heat up a tennis ball it will bounce high. However, the tennis ball we used may be a very old one, and to definitely prove that our hypothesis is wrong for most tennis balls we would need to repeat the experiment with many different tennis balls. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf By the time it reaches the floor, the ball is traveling quickly and it hits the floor hard. Report DMCA Overview 1. This calculation is shown in the data analysis section above. it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. Several meter sticks for measuring the height of the bouncing ball or drawing a larger meter stick. Adapted from Plangenhoef, Patterns of Human Motion. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. It was more reliable to use the middle three results as it automatically discounted any anomalies; assuming two similar anomalies were recorded for one height, if they were then they both would be discounted. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. B (81%) Synonyms. Prediction reasons for variable control: The height the ball is dropped from will affect the height the ball bounces to due to the energy chain the ball goes through as it is dropped and bounces up again.